أحمد محمد لبن Ahmad.M.Lbn مؤسس ومدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 52644 العمر : 72
| موضوع: رد: الفصل الثالث: الاستشراق الآن الثلاثاء 11 يونيو 2024, 1:16 am | |
| الفصل الثالث: الاستشراق الآن ثالثًا: الاستشراق الأنجلوفرنسي الحديث في أوج ازدهاره (1) Selected Works of C. Snouck Hurgronje, ed. G. H. Bousquet and J. Schacht (Liden: E. J. Brill, 1957), p. 267. (2) H. A. R. Gibb, “Literature,” in The Legacy of Islam, ed. Thomas Arnold and Alfred Guillaume (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931), p. 209. (3) The best general account of this period in political, social, economic, and cultural terms is to be found in Jacques Berque, Egypt: Imperialism and Revolution, trans. Jean Stewart (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972). (4) There is a useful account of the intellectual project informing their work in Arthur R. Evans, Jr., ed., on Four Modern Humanists: Hofmannsthal, Gundolf, Curtius, Kantorowicz (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970). (5) Erich Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, trans. Willard R. Trask (1946; reprint ed., Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968), and his Literary Language and lts Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, trans. Ralph Manheim (New York: Bollingen Books, 1965). (6) Erich Auerbach, “Philology and Weltliteratur;” 1 trans. M. and E. W. Said, Centennial Review 13, no. 1 (Winter 1969): 11. (7) Ibid., p. 17. (8) For example, in H. Stuart Hughes, Consciousness and Society: The Reconstruction of European Social Thought, 1890–1930 (1958; reprint ed., New York: Vintage Books, 1961). (9) See Anwar Abdel Malek, “Orientalism in Crisis,” Diogenes 44 (Winter 1963): 103–40. (10) R. N. Cust, “The Internationl Congresses of Orientalists,” Hellas 6. no. 4 (1897); 349. (11) See W. F. Wertheim, “Counter-insurgency Research at the Turn of the Century Snouck Hurgronje and the Acheh War,” Sociologische Gids 19 (Semptember–December 1972). (12) Sylvain Levi, “Les Parts respectives des nations occidentales dans les progress de l’indianisme,” in Memorial Sylvain Levi, p. 116. (13) H. A. R. Gibb, “Louis Massignon (1882–1962),” Jounral of the Royal Asiatic Society (1962), pp. 120, 121. (14) Louis Massignon, Opera Minora, ed. Y. Moubarac (Beirut: Dar-el-Maaref, 1963), 3: 114. I have used the complete bibliography of Massignon’s work by Moubarac: L’Oeuvre de Louis Massignon (Beirut: Editions du Cenacle libanais, 1972-73). (15) Massignon, “L’Occident devant l’Orient: Primaute d⋆une solution culturelle,” in Opera Minora, 1: 208–23. (16) Ibid., p. 169. (17) See Waardenburg, L’Islam dans le miroir de l’Occident, pp. 147, 183, 186, 192, 211, 213. (18) Massignon, Opera Minora, 1: 227. (19) Ibid., p. 355. (20) Quoted from Massignon’s essay on Biruni in Waardenburg, L’Islam dans le miroir de l’Occident, p. 225. (21) Massignon, Opera Minora, 3: 526. (22) Ibid., pp. 610-11. (23) Ibid., p. 212. Also p.211 for another attack on the British, and pp. 423–7 for his assessment of Lawrence. (24) Quoted in Waardenburg, L’Islam dans le miroir de L’Occident, p. 219. (25) Ibid., pp. 218-19. (26) See A. L. Tibawi, “English-Speaking Orientalists: A Critique of their Approach to Islam and Arab Nationalism, Part I,”Islamic Quarterly 8, nos. 1, 2 (January–June 1964): 25–44; “Part II,”Islamic Quarterly 8, nos. 3, 4 (July–December 1964): 73–88. (27) “Une figure domine tous les genres of Orientalist work, celle de Louis Massignon”: Claude Cahen and Charles Pellat, “Les fitudes arabes et islamiques,” Journal asiatique 261, nos. 1, 4 (1973): 104. There is a very detailed survey of the Islamic-Orientalist field to be found in Jean Sauvaget, Introduction a l’histoire de l’Orient musulman: Elements de bibliographic, ed. Claude Cahen (Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1961). (28) William Polk, “Sir Hamilton Gibb Between Orientalism and History,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 6, no. 2 (April 1975): 131–9. I have used the bibliography of Gibb’s work in Arabic and Islamic Studies in Honor of Hamilton A. R. Gibb, ed. George Makdisi (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 1–20. (29) H. A. R. Gibb, “Oriental Studies in the United Kingdom,” in The Near East and the Great Powers, ed. Richard N. Frye (Cambridge, mass.: Harvard University Press, 1951), pp. 86-7. (30) Albert Hourani, “Sir Hamilton Gibb. 1895–1971,” Proceedings of the British Academy 58 (1972), p. 504. (31) Duncan Black Macdonald, The Religious Attitude and Life in Islam (1909; reprint ed., Beirut: Khayats Publishers, 1965), pp. 2–11. (32) H. A. R. Gibb, “Whither Islam?” in Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern Movements in the Moslem World, ed. H. A. R. Gibb (London: Victor Gollancz, 1932), pp. 328, 387. (33) Ibid., p. 335. (34) Ibid., p. 377. (35) H. A. R. Gibb, “The Influence of Islamic Culture on Medieval Europe,” John Rylands Library Bulletin 38, no. 1 (September 1955): 98. (36) H. A. R. Gibb, Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey (London: Oxford University Press, 1949), pp. 2, 9, 84. (37) Ibid., pp. 111, 88, 189. (38) H. A. R. Gibb, Modern Trends in Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947), pp. 108. 113, 123. (39) Both essays are to be found in Gibb’s Studies on the Civilization of Islam, pp. 176–208 and 3–33.
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