أحمد محمد لبن Ahmad.M.Lbn مؤسس ومدير المنتدى
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عدد المساهمات : 51137 العمر : 72
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| الفصل الثالث: الاستشراق الآن ثانيًا: الأسلوب والخبرة والرؤية: الطابع الدنيوي للاستشراق (1) Rudyard Kipling, Verse (Garden City, N.Y.: Doublday & Co., 1954), p. 280. (2) The themes of exclusion and confinement in nineteenth-century culture have played an impotant role in Michel Focaulfs work, most recently in his Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Pantheon Books, 1977), and The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978). (3) The Letters of T. E. Lawrence of Arabia, ed. David Garnett (1938; reprint ed., London: Spring Books, 1964), p. 244. (4) Gerurde Bell, The Desert and the Sown (London: William Heinemann, 1907), p. 244. (5) Gertrude Bell, From Her Personal Papers, 1889–1914, ed. Elizabeth Burgoyne (London: Ernest Beni, 1958), p. 204. (6) William Butler Yeats, “Byzantium,” The Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan Co., 1959), p. 244. (7) Stanley Diamond, In Search of the Primitive: A Critique of Civilization (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1974), p. 119. (8) See Harry Bracken, “Essence, Accident and Raca,” Hermathena 116 (Winter 1973): pp. 81–96. (9) George Eliot, Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life (1872; reprinted., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1956), p. 13. (10) Lionel Trilling. Matthew Arnold (1939; reprint ed., New York; Meridian Books. 1955). p. 214. (11) See Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), p. 180, note 55. (12) W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, ed. Notes Stanley Cook (1907: reprint ed., Oesterhout, N.B.: Anthropological Publications, 1966), pp. xiii, 241. (13) W. Robertson Smith, Lectures and Essays, ed. John Sutherland Black and George Chrystal (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1912), pp. 492-3. (14) Ibid., pp. 492, 493, 511, 500, 498–9. (15) Charles M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta, 2nd ed., 2 vols. (New York: Random House, n.d.), 1: 95. See also the excellent article by Richard Bevis, “Spiritual Geology: C. M. Doughty and the Land of the Arabs,” Victorian Studies 16 (December 1972), 163–81. (16) T. E. Lawrence, The Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph (1926; reprint ed., Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1935), p. 28. (17) For a discussion of this see Talal Asad, “Two European Images of Non-European Rule,” in Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter, ed. Talal Asad (London: Ithaca Press, 1975), pp. 103–18. (18) Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism, p. 218. (19) T. E. Lawrence Oriental Assembly, ed. A. W. Lawrence (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1940), p. 95. (20) Cited in Stephen Ely Tabachnick, “The Two Veils of T. E. Lawrence,” Studies in the Twentieth Century 16 (Fall 1975): 96-7. (21) Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, pp. 42-3, 661. (22) Ibid., pp. 549, 550–2. (23) E. M. Forster, A Passage to India (1924; reprint ed., New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1952), p. 322. (24) Maurica Barres, Une Enquete aux pays du Levant (Paris: Plon, 1923), 1: 20; 2: 181, 192, 193, 197. (25) D. G. Hogarth, The Wandering Scholar (London: Oxford University Press, 1924). Hogarth describes his style as that of “the explorer first and the scholar second” (p. 4). (26) Cited by H. A. R. Gibb, “Structure of Religious Thought in Islam,” in Islam, in his Studies on the Civilization of Islam, ed. Stanford J. Shaw and William R. Polk (Boston: Beacon Press, 1962), p. 180. (27) Frederic Lefevre, “Une Heure avec Sylvain Levi,” in Memorial Sylvain Levi, ed. Jacques Bacot (Paris: Paul Hartmann, 1937), pp. 123-4. (28) Paul Valery, Oeuvres, ed. Jean Hytier (Paris: Gaillmard, 1960), 2: 1556-7. (29) Cited in Christopher Sykes, Crossroads to Israel (1965; reprint ed., Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973), p. 5. (30) Cited in Alan Sandison, The Wheel of Empire: A Study of the Imperial Idea in Some Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Fiction (New York: St. Martin’s Press. 1967), p. 158. An excellent study of the French equivalent is Martine Astier Loutfi, Litterature et colonialisme: L’Expansion coloniale vue dans la literature romanesque francaise, 1871–1914 (The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1971). (31) Paul Valery, Variete (Paris: Gallimard, 1924), p. 43. (32) George Orwell, “Marrakech,” in A Collection of Essays (New york: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1954), p. 187. (33) Valentine Chirol, The Occident and the Orient (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1924), p. 6. (34) Filie Faure, “Orient et Occident,” Mercure de France 229 (July 1–August 1, 1931): 263, 264, 269, 270, 272. (35) Femand Baldensperger, “Ou s’affrontent l’Orient et l’Occident intellectuels,” in Etudes d’histoire litteraire, 3rd seri (Paris: Droz, 1939), p. 230. (36) I. A. Richards, Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definitions (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1932), p. xiv. |
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