ـــــــــــ M

M

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Ma'arij (Al)   المعـــــــــراج
"The Ways of Ascent". Surah 70 of the Holy Qur' an.
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Ma'arif    المعــــــــارف
A spiritual realisation of Allah Ta'ala. Gnosis. It is to directly witness the Light of the Names and Attributes of Allah manifested in the heart.
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Ma'shar     Assemblies     المعشـــــــر
Assemblies. Whether they be assemblies of mankind or of the Jinn or both.
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Mabrur             مبــــــرور
A Hajj that is accepted by Allah because of its perfection in both inward intention and outward observance of the traditions of Rasoolu'llah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
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Madhhab:   way of going     المذهب
(plural: madhaahib). Literally, way of going. School of thought.
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Madyan    مدين
People of the Prophet Shu'aib, peace be on him. They were destroyed by an earthquake for rejecting Shu'aib and the warnings from Allah Ta' ala he had brought with him. See Holy Qur'an, Al-A'raf(7):85-93, Houd (1]):84-95.
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Maghdoub           Cursed     مغضــــــــــــوب
"Cursed" by Allah Ta'ala. Surah Al-Fariha (1):7, "...Maghdoubee 'alaihim..." (those that have been cursed) refers to the Jews. Allah Ta' ala has cursed them for continually breaking their covenants. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2 ):83 - 86, 93,100, Al-Ma' idah (5):13-14, 73.
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Maghfirah     Forgiveness     المغفـــــــره      Forgiveness.
In the Holy Qur'an Allah Ta'ala uses three different words to mean "forgive":
1.    'Afa. Forgave, in the sense of obliterating the memory of wrondoing from one's mind.
2.    Safaha. Forgave, in the sense of overlooking, ignoring or turning away from misdeeds.
3.    Maghflra. Comes from one of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah Ta'ala, "Al-Ghafur", which means to forgive again and again.
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Maghreb          Sunset   المغــــــــرب
Sunset. The fourth compulsory Salat (Prayer) of the day. It consists of three Raq'as. It can be prayed at any time between just after sunset and before the stars appear in the sky.
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Magic        سحر
Magician         مجوسي-   ساحر
Magnanimity                   كرم الاخلاق  -   النخوة
Magnificence             بهاء -   جلال
Magnificent          عظيم -  بهي  -   جليل
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Mahr          مهــــــــر
Dowry given by a husband to his bride on marriage.
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Maiden                    عذراء
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Manifest          Zaahir          الظاهــــــــر
Manifest, apparent, obvious. A word or phrase is described as zaahir when it has a clear meaning. It may still however be open to interpretation.
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Maiser   Gambling    الميسر
Gambling. Literally means getting something too easily. Maiser has been prohibited by Allah Ta'ala in the strongest terms possible: "Ijtanibou" - "Leave it!". It is a higher level of prohibition than forbidding it because it is Haram. Hararn = a direct prohibition ordered by Allah Ta'ala. Ijtanibou = a degree more serious than Ha ram. It is not only Haram, but also a direct command not to approach or be near it for any reason whatsoever. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Ba qara (2):2 19, A/-Ma' idah (5):93.
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Majeed      The Most Glorious الماجــــد
"Al-Majeed". The Most Glorious. One of the ninety-nine Attributes ofAllah. For a full list of the Asmaul Husna of Allah Ta'ala.
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Majesty                     جلال  -    فخامة
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Majoos     Fire worshippers   المجـــوس
Fire worshippers. These people lived mainly in Persia and the Eastern Arabian Peninsula in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Haft (22):17.
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Majority                الاغلبية
Major sins              كبائر
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Makr                   المكــــــــــــــر
Has two meanings:
1.    Plotting or planning with evil intent.
2.    Planning for a good purpose:
"Wa Makaru wa Makara Allah wa'llahu Khairul Makereen" (Surah Aali 'Imran (3):54). "They planned and Allah planned and Allah is the best of planners".
Makaru = they plotted. Makara = He planned.
Makkar = plotter.
Makereen= plotters.
See Holy Qur' an, Aali 'Imran (3):54.
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Malaikah     Angels  ملائكـــــه
•    "Angels". Another name for Suratul Fatir. Surah 35 of the Holy Qur' an.
•    A race of created beings that are made out of light. Their sole purpose in creation is to worship and glorify Allah and to perform their duties exactly as described. They are incapable of disobedience. They do not eat, or sleep, or procreate. Their exact number is unknown.
Amongst the well-known ones are the following:
1.    The angel Jibreel (Gabriel) - the angel whose duty is to communicate between Allah Ta'ala and the prophets and to whomever Allah wills; e.g. he was commanded to communicate with Mariam (Mary,Mother of the Prophet Jesus), Jesus and Muhammad, may Allah bless them and grant them peace.
2.    The angel Mikaeel (Michael) - the angel of provisions.
3.    The angel of Death - takes the souls of people when they die. Many Muslims mistakenly call him lirael. The name "I irael" is neither mentioned in the Holy Book of Allah, the Holy Qurtan, nor by Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in any of the Ahadeeth. The name "Izrael" is mentioned in the Taurat and therefore has been 'borrowed' from the Jews. Beware of such innovations. Copying the Jews or any other unbelievers, and then saying "This is from Allah", is Kufn
4.    The angel Israfeel - the angel who will blow the horn to bring the universe to its end.
5.    The angel Ridwan - keeper of Jannah (Paradise).
6.    The angel Maalik - keeper of Nar (Hellfire).
7.    The angels Munkar and Nakeer - the two angels who are assigned to question the souls of the dead in their graves about their fa ith.
Peace be on all of them. Singular: Malak.
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Malice             مكر   -  خبث
Malignity             كراهية  -   حقد
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The Mamluk State (1250-1517 A.D.)        دولة المماليك
The Mamluk State (1250-1517 A.D.): The Mamluks were originally Turkish, Circassian and Mongol slaves recruited by the Ayyubids. They rose to power in Egypt and constituted the two ruling-classes: the Naval Mamluks and the Mamluks of the Tower. The Mamluk Sultans extended their influence over Syria and some parts of Asia Minor. They confronted the Crusaders and Mongols. After the fall of their state at the hands of the Ottomans, their chiefs represented a source of trouble and disturbance until Muhammad `Ali eliminated them at the Massacre of the Citadel (1811 A.D.) Although their era was famous for its political anarchy, they left behind important architectural monuments including mosques, schools, and hospices, particularly in Cairo.
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Manah                ‏مناة‏
Manah: An idol worshipped in Mecca in the Pre-Islamic period
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Manasik General sacrifice   مناسك
General sacrifice in the path of Allah Ta'ala. All deeds and actions during the Hajj are regarded as Manasik, for they are indeed regarded as sacrifices in the path of Allah.
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Manifestly           علانية
Mankind              البشرية
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Mansookh  Abrogated     منســـــــــوخ
Abrogated. The abrogation of certain commands usually came with increased belief or a change in situation. Only Allah Ta'ala has the power to abrogate verses of the Holy Qur'an. An example of an abrogated statement is: "...wa in too bdu ma fee anfooseekum aw too khfoohu youhasibkumbihi Allah..."(Al-Baqara (2): 284), "...whether you show what is in your mind or conceal it, Allah will call you to account for it...". When the Muslims heard this Ayah they went to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: "O Rasoolullah, we can control ourselves, but how can we control the outbursts in our hearts?" (i.e. sudden thoughts that Shaitan puts within us). The Prophet Muhammad said: "Do you intend to say, 'Same'na wa asaina' (We hear and we disobey), as did both the People of the Book (i.e. the Jews and the Christians)? Say, 'Same'na wa ata'na!'." So they said, 'Same'na wa ata'na (We hear and we obey) . On hearing their reply Allah Ta'ala abrogated this verse, by revealing the 286th verse of Surah al-Bqara. "La youkalifu'llahu nafsan lila wus'aha...", "Allah does not burden a soul beyond its scope...". The aim of the 284th verse of Surah al-Baqara was to test the followers of Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them, as to whether or not they would say the same as the Jews and the Christians who used to say, "Same 'na wa 'asaina" (We hear and we disobey)
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Maqam Ibrahim The station of Ibrahim          مقام ابراهيم
The station of Ibrahim. The place where the Prophet Ibrahim, peace be on him, stood in prayer, and which marks the place of prayer following Tawaf of the Ka'aba. This place today is marked by a stone in which there are two large sunken footprints, said to have been made by the Prophet Ibrahim when he stood on the stone while he and his son Ismael were building the Ka'aba.
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Mariam, peace be upon her           مريم عيها السلام
"Mary". The Virgin Mary. Daughter of 'Imran and Hannah and mother of the Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him.
She is the first of the four greatest females created, the other three being:
1.    Asiya, the wife of Fir1aun (Pharaoh).
2.    Khadija, the first wife of Muhammad.
3.    Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and all his wives and family.
Surah 19 of the Holy Qur'an.
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Martyr       Shaheed               شهيد
Martyr in the cause of Allah Ta'ala.
There have been many Shuhadaa in Islamic history, amongst whom are the following:
1.    Hamza, martyred at the Battle of Uhud in 4AH.
2.    Umar, stabbed in Madinah on 27/12/23AH.
3.    Uthman, axed at his home on 17/12/35AH.
4.    Ali, stabbed while in Sajda on 17/9/4OAH.
5.    Hussein, martyred at the Battle of Karbulah (Iraq) on 9/l/6l AH.
Whoever is killed in the way of Allah goes straight to the Garden, may Allah be pleased with all of them. See Holy Qur'an,An-Nisaa (4):117-120. Plural: Shuhadaa
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Marut           ماروت
One of the two angels that were sent by Allah as a trial to mankind by way of allowing Harut and Marut to teach them magic. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):102.
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Marwa             المروه
A small hill in Makkah close to the holiest Masjid in Islam, Al-Masjid al-Haram. See Sa'i Safa and Marwa.
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Masad (Al) Palm Fibre       المسد
"Palm Fibre". Another name for Surah AbI Lahab. This Surah condemned Abi Lahab and his wife to Hellfire (many years before their deaths) for their Kufr, especi~ly their violent opposition to the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Surah 1]] of the Holy Qur'an.
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Maskeen visibly in need       مسكين
visibly in need, but also those who seem in no need of help, but who in reality are very poor. Singular: Miskeen.
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Masjid               Mosque      مسجد
Mosque. A place of worship for Muslims. A place where the five daily compulsory prayers are regularly done, except for the Jum'a prayers (the Friday noon prayer and Friday Khutba). The Masjid Jame' is the place where all the five compulsory Salat (Prayers) and the Jurn'a prayers are regularly done. The Masjid Jame' is usually larger than a Masjid. Plural: Masaj Id.
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Masjid al-aqsa (Al) 'Furthest Mosque'      المسجد الأقصي
The 'Furthest Mosque' built by the early Muslims in Jerusalem, on or near where the Temple of Solomon once stood. See Baitul-Maqdis.
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Masjid al-haram (Al)        المسجد الحرام
The Grand Masjid in Makkah. The Ka'ba (the Qiblalt of the Muslims) is situated within it.
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Masjid an-nabawi (Al)        المسجد النبوي
Another name for the Masjid ar-Rasool in Al-Madinah. It is the second greatest Masjid in Islam, the first being the Masjid al-Haram in Al-Makkah al-Mukaramah, and the third being the Masjid al-Aqsa in AI-Quds (Jerusalem).
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Mediation                          وساطة  -  شفاعة
Medieval                    عصور وسطي
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Medina Al-Munawwarah              المدينة المنورة
Medina Al-Munawwarah [Illuminated]: Previously known as Yathrib
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Meditation                      تأمل - تفكر
Menace                تهديد وعيد
Mendacity                   الافك  -  الزور
Merciful                     رحيم
Mercy                   رحمة - رأفة
Messenger                      رسول
Messenger of Allah            رسول الله
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Mi'raj             المعـــــــــراج
The Night Journey of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from Makka to Jerusalem and then through the realms of the seven Heavens, beyond the limit of forms, the Sidrat al-Muntaha, to within a bow-span's length or nearer to the Presence of Allah. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Isra (17):1. See Bukhari, Hadith 345, Book 8, Vol.1 ,and 227,book 58 Vol.5.
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Migration                   هجرة
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Mihraab   Prayer niche     محــــــــراب
Prayer niche of a Masjid (mosque), in front of which the Imam stands when leading the congregational prayers.
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Militant                    مجاهد   محارب
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Mimbar            pulbit          منبر
Steps on which the Imam stands to deliver the Khutba on the day of the Jum'a.
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Mina           منى
A place five miles from Makkah and approximately ten miles from 'Arafat. An essential place to visit during the Hajj. See Hajj.
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Minaret                         مناره
Minority           الاقلية
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Miracles         معجزات
Miracle: A miracle is an event that appears inexplicable by the laws of nature, so held to be supernatural in origin or an act of Allah.
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Misbelief                   كفر
Miscreant                   جاحد
Miser               بخيل - شحيح
Misery            شقاء  -  بؤس
Misrule                فوضي  -  اضطراب
Mission               بعثة  -  ارسالية
Mistrust              شك  -  ريبة
Mob                غوغاء
Moderation                الاعتدال
Modesty                  عفة - طهارة
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Mohammad,   peace be upon him          محمد صلي الله عليه وسلم
The Final Messenger of Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala to Ins wal Jinn (mankind and the Jinn). Born in Makkah in 570AC. At the age of 40 he was called upon to become the mightiest of all messengers. He died in Madinah at the age of 63 after gloriously completing his transmission of the Divine Message. He was the bringer of the greatest miracle of all time, the Holy Qur'an. It is through him that Allah Ta'ala has enlightened mankind and the Jinn until the Day of Judgement. He is the Best of Creation, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and his family and his companions and all who follow him and them in what they are able, with sincerity, until the Last Day. To those Jews and Christians who reject the Holy Prophet Muhammad, let it be known that Muhammad is actually mentioned by name in the Old Testament in the original Hebrew Song of Solomon, Ch.5, v.16. But for some misguided reason they have chosen to adulterate it by changing it from "Muhammadim" (in the Hebrew) to "altogether lovely" in the English. (Mummad + im is a term of respect in Hebrew.) Similarly, Muhammad is actually mentioned by name in the New Testament in John 14.16,26,15.26 and 16.13. The Greek word "Periqleitos" (Paraclete), which is the equivalent of the Aramaic word "Mhamda", means precisely what "Ahmad" means in Arabic, "the most praiseworthy", and "Ahmad" is one of the Prophet Muhammad's names, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. But for some misguided reason they have chosen to adulterate it by changing it from "Mhamda" (in the Aramaic) to "Comforter" or "Counsellor" in the English. Many other references to Muhammad which existed in the original Torah and Ingeel have been removed altogether. Allah Ta'ala's wrath awaits those who knowingly alter or hide His words.
Allah Ta'ala has given Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the following names;
1.    Muhammad: The one who praises and is praised.
2.    Ahmad: The most praiseworthy.
3.    AI-Mahi: The effacer (of Kufr).
4.    AI.'Aqib: The last.
5.    Mustafa: The chosen.
6.    AI-Amin: The trustwonhy.
Surah 47 of the Holy Qur' an. For a chronological list of the main events in the Prophet Muhammad's life, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
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A Chronological Guide
1. Prophet's birth
In the spring season Monday is the agreed day. 1st year of Am-ul-Feel. 50 days after the event of the elephant, corresponding to 22nd April,
570 AD, 1st Jaith 628 Bikrami before sunrise, popularly known to be 12 Rabi I.   
The date is a matter of controbersy, but most researchers lean to the 9th Rabi I, as Monday also falls on that date. Other dates suggest are 10 and 13 Rabi I. Some have also suggested 8. But the majority of scholars' view favours 9.
2. Nursing
At the age of 4 months.
2-3 days after birth, he was suckled by Thaubia, a slave girl of Abu Lahab. Permanent nursing period spent at the desert home of Halima S'adia
3. Death of Prophet's mother.
At the age of 6 years.
4. Death of his grandfather.
At the age of 8 years 2 months 10 days.
5. First journey to Syria with Hazrat Abu Talib.
At the age of 12 years 2 months
The episode of Bahira, the Monk, is connected with this journey.
6. Participation in the battle of Fajjar 1st time.
At the age of 15 or thereabout.
7. Participation in the battle of Fajjar second time.
Some time later, no date given.
8. Participation in Hilful Fazul, a reformist movement.
At the age of 16.
9. Second journey to Syria as a trader.
At the age of 23 or 24
10. Marriage with Hazrat Khadija.
At the age of 25 years 2 months.
11. Unseen secrets reveal themselves.
Seven years before Prophethood at the age of 33.
12. Arbitration.
At the age of 35.
Arbitrated in the dispute about fixing the black stone which was amicably settled.
13. Prophethood.
At the age of 40 years 11 days, 9 Rabi I, corresponding to 12 February, 610 AD, Monday
14. Fajr and Asr Prayers, prescribed 2 Rakats each.
9 Rabi I, on the day of Prophethood.
15. Beginning of revelation of the Qur'an
18 Ramaza 1st year of Prophethood Friday, at night
Sura 'Alaq was revealed
16. Beginning of secrect preaching
House of Arquam Makhzoomi was made centre of movement.
About 40 people accepted Islam during this period.
17. First public announcement of Prophethood.
At the end of 3rd year of Prophethood.
18. First wave of opposition, Ridicule Propaganda and mild oppression.
3r to 5th year of Prophethood.
During this period, deputations of Quraish went to pressurise Abu Talib and confabulations for opposition.
19. Second wave of intense opposition, Oppression.
5th to 7th year of Prophethood.
20. Migration to Abyssinia.
Rajab, 5th year of Prophethood.
21. Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat Umar embrace Islam.
Hazrat Umar
accepted Islam 3 days after Hazrat Hamza.
22. Prophet's internment at Shi'b Abi Talib with the family of Hashim.
1st Muharram, 7th year of Prophethood.
23. End of internment and boycott.
End of 9th year of Prophethood.
24. Year of sorrow. Death of Hazrat Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija
10th year of Prophethood.
25. Visit to Taif
Jumada II, 10th year of Prophethood.

26. Ascension (Miraj)
27ths Rajab, 10th year of Prophethood, Monday
27. Daily prayers five times a day prescribed.
27th Rajab, 10th year of Prophethood, Monday.
28. Beginning of Islam in Medina.
Zul hijja, 10th year of Prophethood
29. Deputation of Medina. Six people accept Islam.
Zul hijja, 12th year of Prophethood.
30. First pledge of Aqaba with 12 persons.
Zul hijja, 12th year of Prophethood.
31. Second pledge of Aqaba with 75 persons.   
Zul hijjar, 13th year of Prophethood.
32. Migration:
(a) From Mecca to the cave of Thaur
Safar 27, 13th year of Prophethood, Prophet's age was 53 years.
(b) Departure from Thaur
1st Rabi I, 13th year of Prophethood, Monday, 16th September, 622 A.D.
(c) Arrival at Quba.
8th Rabi I, 14th year of Prophethood Monday 23rd September, 62
(d) Entry into Medina.
14th year of Prophethood, Friday
33. Foundation of Masjid-i-Nabavi laid.
Rabi I, 1 H.
34. Addition of obligatory prayers
Rabi II, 1 H.
35. Brotherhood between Migrants and Ansars
First quarter, 1 H.
36. Establishment of Islamic State and constitutional agreement of Medina.
Middle of 1 H.
37. Defence system introduced.
Middle of 1 H.
Patrol parties start.
38. Marriage with Hazrat Ayesha.
Shawwal, 1 H.
Married in Mecca before migration but consummation at Medina after migration.
39. Islam of two elite, Abdullah ibn Salam, formerly Jew and Abu Qais Sarha bin Abi Anas, former Christian monk.
40. Jihad ordered.
12 Safar 2 H., 1 year 2 months and 10 days after migration.
41. First military action Ghazwa Waddan.
Safar 2 H.
42. Pacts with outside clans Bani Damra, People of Bowat and Banu Madlaj.
Safar to Jumada II, 2 H.
43. Robbery of Kurz bin Jabir Fahri.
Rabi  I, 2 H.
44. Nakhla episode, first frontier clash of Islamic party.
End of Rajab, 2 H.
One non-Muslim killed and two taken prisoners and brought to Medina. TheProphet resented the action and made amends for it.
45. Salman Farsi accepts Islam.
2 H.
46. Beginning of Azan   
2 H.
47. Zakat prescribed.
2 H.
48. Change of Qibla.
15th Shaban, 2 H. Monday
49. Ramazan fast prescribed.
1st Ramazan, 2 H. Wednesday.
50. Congregational prayer of Eid-ul Fitr, Fitra ordered.   
1st Shawwal, 2 H.
51. Battle of Badr. First regular battle: Start from Medina.
8 Ramazan, 2 H. Wednesday Battle.

17 Ramazan, 2 H.
Victorious entry into Medina.
20 Ramazan,  2 H.
52. Marriage of Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Fatima.
After the battle of Badr, 2 H.
53. Siege of Banu Qainuqa'.
Middle of Shawwal to beginning of Ziq'ada, 2 H.
54. Prophet's marriage with Hazrat Hafsa, daughter of Hazrat Umar.
3 H.
55. Marriage of Hazrat Usman with Hazrat Umme Kulsum, daughter of the Prophet.
3 H.
56. First order of prohibition of wine.
3 H.
57. End of Ka'ab bin Ashraf.
3 H.
58. Birth of Hazrat Hassan.
15 Ramazan, 3 H.
59. Battle of Uhud, Start from Medina.
5 Shawwal, 3 H. after Friday prayer. Battle.

6 Shawwal, 3 H. Saturday.
Pursuit of Abu Sufian's army up
to Hamra-ul-Asad.
7 Shawwal, 3 H. Sunday.
60. First order of prohibition of usury.
Soon after battle of Uhud.
61. Injunctions about orphans.
Soon after battle of Uhud.
62. Detailed laws of inheritance issued.
Soon after battle of Uhud.
63. Injunctions about marriage, rights of wives, prohibition of marriage with idolaters.
3 H.
64. Prophet's marriage with Ummul Masakin Zainab, daughter of Khozaima.        End of 3 H.
65. Episode of Raji'. Murder of 10 members of missionary deputation. Safar, 4 H.   
66. Ghazwa Banu Nodair.
Rabi I, 4 H.
67. Death of Hazrat Zainab, daughter of Khozaima.
Rabi I, 4 H.
68. Order of Hijab
1 Ziq'ada, 4 H. Friday.
69. Final order of prohibition of wine.
4 H.
70. Second Ghazwa of Badr.
Ziq'ada, 4 H.
Abu Sufian did not turn up in keeping with his own challenge.
71. Ghazwa Dumatul Jandal
Rabi I, 5 H.
72. Ghazwa Banu Al-Mustalaq
3 Shaban, 5H.
73. Injunctions for Tayammum.
On the way to Ghazwa Banu Mustalaq.
74. Prophet's marriage with Hazrat Jowairia.
Shaban, 5 H.
75. Episode of Ifk.
Shaban, 5 H.
76. Enforcement of Penal Laws against fornication, slander etc.
5 H.
77. Ghazwa Ahzab.
Shawwal or Ziq'ada, 5 H.
78. Arrival of Daus deputation to Medina.
5 H.
79. Punishment of Banu Quraiza.
Zul hijja, 5 H.
80. Prophet's marriage with Zainab, daughter of Jahsh.   
5 H.
81. Islam of Thamama bin Usal, chief of Najd.
6 H.
82. Treaty of Hudaibiya.
Ziq'ada, 6 H.
83. Return to Medina from Hudaibiya.
Zul hijja, 6 H.
84. Islam of Khalid bin Walid and Amr ibn-ul Aas.
Zul hijja, 6 H.
85. Beginning of international call-letters to rulers.
1st Muharram, 6 H. Wednesday.
86. Ghazwa Khyber.
Muharram, 7 H.
87. Prophet's marriage with Hazrat Safia.
Murharram, 7 H.
88. Return of Abyssinian migrants.
7 H.
89. Establishment of independent Muslim camp at Saiful Bahr.
7 H.
By Muslim young men who were oppressed in Mecca but could not be allowed to say at Medina according to Hudaibiya Treaty.
90. Raid by Saif-ul-Bahr on Quraish Caravan.

Safar, 7 H.
91. Postponed Umra performed
Ziq'ada, 7 H.
92. Detailed injunctions about marriage and divorce
7 H.
93. Marriage of the Prophet with Hazrat Maimuna at Mecca
7 H.
94. Islam of Jibila Ghassani.
7 H.
95 Ghazwa Mutah.
Jumada I, 8 H.
96. Violation of Hudaibiya pact by non-Muslims
Rajab, 8 H   
97. Ghazwa of the conquest of Mecca, start from Medina.
10 Ramazan, 8 H. Wednesday.
Victorious entry into Mecca
20 Ramazan, 8 H.
Expedition of Hazrat Khalid to
 demolish the temple of Uzza at
Nakhla.
Most probably
25 Ramazan, 8 H.
Expedition of Amr ibn-ul Aas to
 demolish the temple of Swa'a.
Ramazan, 8 H
Expedition of Sa'ad Ashhali to  
demolish temple of Manat.
Ramazan, 8 H
Stay in Mecca
Up to 9 Shawwal
Ghazwa Hunain.
Shawwal, 8 H
Siege of Taif
End of Shawwal to beginning of Ziq'ada, 8 H. about 18 or 20 days.
Distribution of booty at Ji'rana, and Umra
Ziq'ada, 8 H.
98. Final order of prohibition of usury
8 H.
On the occasion of the victory of Mecca. Annulment of all demands of the amounts of interest.
99. Arrival of Suda deputation at Medina.
8 H.
100. Death of Hazrat Zainab, daughter of the Prophet.
8 H.
101. Organization of Zaka.
Beginning of Muharram, 9 H.
102. Ghazwa of Tabuk. Start of the Poor Contingent.
Rajab, 9 H.
103. Order about Jizia.
At the time of Tabuk.
104. Zerar Mosque set on fire.
On return from tabuk.
105. Islam of Ukaidir, chief of Dumatul Jandal.
9 H.
106. Apology by Ka'ab ibn Zuhair and his acceptance of Islam.
9 H.
107. Some deputations which came to Medina:
Deputation of Azra.
Safar, 9 H
Deputation of Baliy.
Rabi I, 9 H.
Deputation of Khaulan.
Shaban, 9 H.
Deputation of Thaqif.
9 H.
108. Haj prescribed. First Haj under Hazrat Abu Bakr.
9 Zul hijja, 9 H.
109. Proclamation of annulment of pacts of unlimited period.

10 Rabi II, 10 H.
110. Deputation of Maharib.
10 H.
Deputation of Mahamid.
10 H.
Deputation of Khaulan.
Shaban, 10 H.
Deputation of Naisan.   
Ramazan, 10 H.
Deputation of Bani Haris bin Ka'ab
Shawwal, 10 H.
Deputation of Salaman.
Ramazan, 10 H.
111. Twenty days' retirement of the Prophet in the last Ramazan.
Ramazan, 10 H.
112. Musailima the liar's correspondence with the Prophet
10 H.
113. The Last Haj: start from Medina.
26 Ziq'ada, 10 H. Saturday between Zuhr and Asr.
Stay at Zulhailifa.
Night between Saturday and Sunday.
Putting on Ihram
Sunday at the time of Zuhr prayers
Arrival and stay at Zittowa.
Night of Sunday 4 Zul hijja, 10 H.
Start from Zittowa to Mecca
5 Zul hijja, after early morning prayer.
Entry into sacred Mosque.
5 Zul hijja, 10 H. at noon
Stay outside Mecca.
up to 8 Zul hijja, 10 H.
Start for Mina.
8 Zul hijja, 10 H. Thursday noon
Start from Mina to Arafah
9 Zul hijja, 10 H.  Friday after sunrise.
Haj Address.
9 Zul hijja, 10 H. Friday afternoon.
Stop at Arafah.
9 Zul hijja, 10 H. after Zuhr and Asr prayers.   
Start from Arafah to Muzdalifa.
9 Zul hijja, 10 H. after sunset, Friday.
From Muzdalifa t  Masha'ar-i-Haram
10 Zul hijja, 10 H. Saturday after morning prayer.
From Masha'ar-i-Haram to Mina   
10 Zul hijja, 10 H. before sunrise   
Throwing of pebbles.
10 Zul hijja, 10 H. after sunrise till noon.
Address at Mina.
10 Zul hijja, 10 H. noon.
Sacrifice performed.
After address.
Start from Mina to Mecca.
10 Zul hijja, 10 H.
Return from Mina to Mecca.
10 Zul hijja, 10 H. evening.
Second address at Mina.
11 Zul hijja,  10 H.
Start from Mina to Mahsab or Abtah.
13 Zul hijja, 10 H. Tuesday.
Return from Mecca.
Night between 13th and 14th Zul hijja, 10 H.
114. Deputation of Nakh'a
Middle of Muharram, 11 H.
115. Order for Start of Usama's Army.
26 Safar, 11 H.
Last military expedition ordered by the Prophet.
116. Beginning of the Prophet's fatal disease.
End of Safar, 11 H.
117. Period of seriousness of disease. Stay in Hazrat Ayesha's room.   
7 days up to the time of passing away.
118. Last congrgational prayer at the mosque and last address.
5 days before passing away, Thursday, Zuhr prayer.
119. Passing away.
12 Rabi I, 11 H. Monday, forenoon.
120. Burial in Hazrat Ayesha's room.
Night between 13 and 14
Rabi I, 11 H. Tuesday.   
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Monarchism              رهبنة
Monarchy              سلطنة -    ملكية
Monastery              دير  -  صومعة
Monk               راهب -    ناسك
Monopolist               محتكر
Monopoly                     احتكار
Monotheism                 التوحيد
Moot             مجادلة  -   محاورة
Morale                    روح معنوية
Motivation                دافعية
Motive            باعث - دافع
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Mould     Taqwim       تقويـــم
Mould, shape, form, etc. Allah Ta'ala created man in the best of forms, but then abased him to the lowest of the low. See Holy Qur 'an, At-Teen (95):4-5.
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Mouted                            على كل ضامر
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Mubashirat       Glad tidings       مبشــــرات Glad tidings. Good dreams.
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Mubiqat    destructive sins     موبقـــــات
Major, destructive sins.
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Mudathir (Al)  The Cloaked One      المدثر
"The Cloaked One". Surat 74 of the Holy Qur' an.
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mufti:   an interpreter         مفتــــى
an interpreter or implementer of shari'ah or Islamic law (essentially an Islamic lawyer). The Council of Muftis gathers together to debate changes to Islamic laws in the face of modern advances, such as organ donation.
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Muhaddith A scholar of Ahadeeth      محـــدث
A scholar of Ahadeeth (sayings and traditions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Plural: Muhaditheen.
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Muhajir         immigrant           مهاجـــــــر
A Muslim who emigrated from Makkah to Madinah during the time of the great repression of the Muslims by the pagan Quraish up until the conquest of Makkah in 8AH by the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Plural: Muhajireen.
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Muhajireen           مهاجــــــــرين
Plural of Muhajir. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hashr (59):8-9, Al-Munafiqun (63): 7. See Muhajir.
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Muhkam               محكم
Qur'anic verses which have a clear-cut meaning.
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muhtasib.                       المحتسب
The officer in charge of the hisba, whose duty, among other things, is to ensure the proper conduct of people in their public activities.
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mujtahid.                          مجتهـــــد    Religiously learned.
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Mulhid                 Atheist     الملحد
Atheist. A complete disbeliever in Allah Ta'ala and the Last Day. Derives from Ilhad (atheism). Ilhad literally means deviation. For a full explanation: See Ilhad. Plural: Mulhidoon or Muihideen.
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Mulk (Al)     The Sovereignty       الملك
"The Sovereignty", of Allah Ta'ala. Surah 67 of the Holy Qur'an.
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Munafiq      A hypocrite          المنافــــق
A hypocrite, more dangerous and worse than a kafir
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Munafiqeen   Hypocrites      المنافقين
Hypocrites. They are the worst of created beings, for they pretend to, but do not believe in Allah and the Last Day. Allah has cursed them (At-Tawbah (9):67-69) and on the Day of Judgement they will occupy the lowest depth of the Nar (Hellfire), called "Hutama". Also spelled as Munafiqoon. Singular: Munaflq.
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Munkar                  منكــــر
1.    Name of one of the two angels who will question us in our graves. See Munkar wa Nakir.
2.    Something that is disapproved of in Islam.
3.    Something that is denied when it is said or pointed out.
4.    Something that is refused when offered.
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Munkar wa Nakir, peace be upon them       منكر ونكير
The two angels who will question the souls of the dead in their graves shortly after burial about their faith, asking, "Who is your Lord? Who is your Prophet? What is your Book? What was your Deen?" See Malaikah.
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Muqarraboon                        المقربون
Literally means "those who have been brought near". These are the most exalted, the most loved by Allah Ta'ala.
On the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta'ala will sort out the good and the evil into three groups:
1.    Muqarraboon - the exalted class, those who are the nearest to Allah Ta' ala. Also described as the Sabiqoon, meaning 'those who outstrip the rest'.
2.    Ashab al-Maimana - literally means "the Companions of the Right". These are the righteous people, those who are destined to enter the Jannah (Paradise).
3.    Ashab al-Mashama - literally means "the Companions of the Left". These people will be the inheritors of the Nar (Hellfire).
For full explanation on;
Muqarraboon - see Al- Wa qi'ah (56):11-26.
Ashab al-Maimana - see Al- Wa qi'ah (56):27-40.
Ashab al-Mashama - see Al- Wa qi'ah (56):4!-56.
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Murji'ah: Deferrers               مرجئه
Deferrers. Those who defer judgment of the sinner to God and the Day of Judgment.
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Mursalat (Al) The Emissaries           المرسلات
"The Emissaries". Surah 77 of the Holy Qur' an.
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Mursaleen                                المرسلين
Literally means "those who are sent". It refers to the prophets and messengers sent by Allah Ta'ala. Allah sent many prophets and messengers to preach the message of Tawheed to Ins wal Jinn (mankind and the Jinn). Their exact number is not Ahadeeth.
Here is a complete list of the prophets and messengers of Allah who are mentioned in the Book of Allah Ta'ala, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on all of them:
For example :
1. Adam    950-1000    ??    The first human
2. Idris    83    ??    Enoch
3. Nooh(M)    950    3900  2900BC    Noah
4. Houd    150    2500  2200BC    Preached to 'Ad.
5. Saleh    58    2000  1900BC    Preached to Thamud
6. Ibhrahim (NI)    175    1861  1786BC    Abraham
7. Loot    175    1861  1786BC    Lot
8. Ismael    120or143    1781  1638BC    Shmael
9. Ishaq    178or180    1761  1681BC    Isaac
10.Yacoub    147    1700  1653BC    Jacob
11.Yusuf    110    1610  l5OOBC    Joseph
12.Shuaib        1600  15OOBC    Preached to Madyan
13.Ayoub    92    1600  1500BC    Job
14.Dhu'l-Kifel    75    1600  15OOBC    Ezekiel.
15.Musa(M)    120    1436  1316BC    Moses
16.Haroon    122    1439  1317BC    Aaron.
17.Dawood (NI)    70    1043  937BC    David
18.Sulaiman    53    985  932BC    Solomon
19.Ilyas        9   BC ca    Elijah.
20.Al-Yas'        9   BC Ca    Elisha
21.Yunus        8   BC Ca.    Jonas
22.Zakariah    120    100BC  2OAC    Father of Yahyah.
23. Yahya    30    1BC  3OAC    John the Baptist
24.Isa(M)    33    1   33AC    Jesus
25.Muhammad(M)    63    571  632AC    The Final Messenger
(M)= a messenger as well as a prophet of Allah Ta'ala; i.e. one who came with a new message, a revelation that confirmed the earlier revelations, but which contained new elements appropriate for its time.
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Murtad Apostate            مرتــــــــد
Apostate. Plural: Murtadeen.
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Murtaddeen            مرتدين
People who become apostates, i.e. people who become unbelievers after having believed.
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Musa, peace be upon him       موسى عليه السلام
Moses. One of the greatest prophets and messengers of Islam. See Mursaleen.
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Mushrikeen Idol-worshippers       مشركين
Idol-worshippers. People who associate partners with Allah Ta'ala, such as the Christians, who have raised the Prophet Isa (Jesus, Son of Mary), peace be on them, to the level of Allah. Allah Ta'ala may forgive any sin which man or Jinn may commit, except for dying in a state of Shirk. Singular: Mushrik. See Shirk.
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(AL)Mustafa    The Select        ‏    المصطفى‏
AL-Mustafa [The Select]: One of the names of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) because he was chosen by Allah to be His Messenger to all mankind.
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Mutashaabihaat: Allegorical      متشابهات
Allegorical. Refers to verses (aayaat) of the Qur'an which are expressed in a figurative manner in contradistinction to aayaat muhkamaat or verses which are clear in and by themselves.
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Mutiny                   تمرد  فتنة  عصيان
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Muzzammil (AL) The Enshrouded One       المزمل
"The Enshrouded One". Surah 73 of the Holy Qur'an.
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Mystic                     صوفي
Mysticism              تصوف
Myth                      أسطورة
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