إجازة الأستاذ أحمد لبن مدير المنتدى بقراءة الإمام عاصم الكوفي

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Explaining the fundamentals of faith
Shaikh - Mohammed Saleh Alothaimeen

INDEX:

Start
* The Deen of Islam
* The Pillars of Islaam (Arkan ul Islam)
* The Foundation of Islaamic Creed
- Belief In Allaah
- The Belief In The Angles
- The Belief In The Kutub
- The Belief In Ar-Rusul (Messengers)
- The Belief In The Last Day
- The Belief In Al-Qadar
- The Ahdaaf (Objectives) of Islamic Aqeedah

Start
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
All praise is due to Allah,we praise Him, seek His Help and forgiveness; we repent to Him and seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our own slaves and from our wicked deeds . Whomsoever has been guided by Allaah , non can misguided and whomsoever has been misguided by Allaah non can guide him. I bear witness that there is no true god worthy or being worshipped except Allaah alone, without a partner or associate. I further bare witness that Mohammed (Salla Allaah Aleihi Waslan1 )
is Allaah true slave and Messenger ; may Allaah bestow His peace and Blessings on Muhammed (Salla Allaah Aleihi Wasallam)
, upon his good and pure family , and upon his noble companions and those who follow their path.

It proceeds then: that the knowledge about Tawheed2 constitutes the most noble and necessitated knowledge, because it represents the knowledge about Allah , His right upon His bondsmen . This knowledge is the key for the way to Allaah , and it is the foundation for His legislation. That is why there is a consensus amongst all the messengers to invite people to Tawheed . Allaah تعالى3 says:

( وما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول إلا نوحى إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا فاعبدون)

And we did not send any Messenger before you (O Mohammed) but We inspired him (saying(: Lailaha illa Ana {none has the right to be worshipped but I (Allah)},so worship Me (alone and no one else).( Qur’aan 21:25(4

Alaahh bears witness on His Wahdaniyyah: being the only true God that deserves to be worshipped alone and who has no coequal in Himself as well as in His Names and Attributes .The angles and people of knowledge also testify for His Wahdaniyyah :

( شهد الله أنه لا إله إلا هو والملائكة وأولو العلم قائما بالقسط لا إله إلا هو العزيز الحكيم) ( آل عمران ،18)

Allaah bears witness that La illah illa Huwah ( none has Wright to worshiped but He,) and the angles , and those having knowledge (also give this witness); ( He is always) maintaining His creation in Justice . La illah illa Huwa , the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.(Qura’an 3:18)

Given this acknowledgement of the rank of Taweed, it is therefore incumbent upon every Muslim to give proper consideration to this matter through learning, understanding, education, and conviction, in order for him to establish his Deen 5on a sound foundation, confidence and submission that would give him the good fortune of sharing it’s fruits and results.

Translated By:
DR. Saleh Al-Saleh

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The Deen of Islam

Islam is the Deen, which Alaah has sent Mohammed (Salla Allaah Aleihi Wasallam
) with ; Allaah made it the last of religions and perfected it for His creation; He made it a completion of His Favors upon them , and chose it to be their Deen ; No other religion is accepted from any one except the Deen of Islam . Allaah تعالى says:

( ما كان محمداَ أبا أحد من رجالكم و لكن رسول الله و خاتم النبيين)
(الأحزاب ،40)

Mohammed (Salla Allaah Aleihi Wasallam) is not the father of any man among you , but he is the messenger of Allaah , and the last (end) of the prophets. ( Qua’ran :33 :40)

He also says:

( اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم و أتممت عليكم نعمتى و رضيت لكم الإسلام دينا)
( المائدة ، 30)

This day6, I have perfected your religion for you , and completed my favour upon you, and have chosen for you Al-Islam as your Deen. ( Qura’an :5:30)

( إن الدين عند الله الإسلام ) ( آل عمران،19)

Truly, The Deen before Allaah is Al-Islam7(Qua’aran 19)

( و من يبتغى غير الإسلام دينا فلن يقبل منه و هو فى الآخرة من الخاسرين) ( آل عمران /85)
And Whoever seeks a religion other than Islam , it will never accepted of him , and the Hereafter he will be one of the loser.(Qura’an 3:85)

Allaah تعالى ordained that mankind must submit to Him in Islam .He said addressing His Messenger (Mohammed )

(قل يا أيها الناس إنى رسول الله إليكم جميعا الذى له ملك السموات و الأرض ز لا إله إلا هو يحى و يميت ، فآمنوا بالله و رسوله النبى الأمى الذى يؤمن بالله و كلماته و أتبعوه لعلكم تهتدون ) ( الأعراف،158)

Say ( O Mohammed ) ‘O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allaah – to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. La illah illa Huwa(non has the Wright to be worshipped but He.); It is He who gives life and causes death. So believe in Alaahh and His messenger (Mohammed) , the prophet who can neither read nor write , who believes in Allaah and His words8 , and follow him so that you may be guided .(Qura’an 7:158)

It is reported in Saheeh Muslim 9on the authority of Abu Hurairah , that Alaahh’s Messenger Said: “

و الذى نفس محمد بيده لا يسمع بى أحد من هذه الأمه يهودى ولا نصرانى ، ثم يموت و لم يؤمن بالذى أرسلت به إلا كان من أصحاب النار."

“By Him (Allaah ) in Whose Hand Mohammed soul’s is, there is none from amongst the Jews and Christians ( of these present nations) who hears about me and dies without believing in the message with which I have been sent (i.e Tawheed) , but he will be from the dwellers of the (Hell) Fire”10

The belief in the prophet Mohammed is the attestation with full acceptance and submission , not just mere attestation , that what he brought forth is the truth. That is why Abu Taalib ( the uncle of the prophet) did not become a believer in the messenger , despite his attestation to what the prophet forth and his witness that it is the best of religions.

The Deen of Islaam embraces all of the human welfare that is comprised in the previous religions ; it is distinguished above all the religions in it’s suitability for all times , places , and nations, Allah تعالى addresses His Messenger Mohammed saying :

( و أنزلنا إليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقا لما بين يديه من الكتاب و مهيمنا عليه ) ( المائدة ،48)

And We have sent down to you ( O Mohammed ) the Book ( this Qura’an) in truth , confirming the scripture that came before it and Muhayminan ( trustworthy in highness and witness) over it ( Old Scripture) . ( Qura’an 5:48)

The suitability of the Deen means that adhering to Islaam does not contradict the welfare of the Ummah (Muslim community at large) in any place or in any time. Indeed it is its betterment. This does not mean, however, that the Deen is subjugate to every time , place and Ummah as some people like it to be.

The Deen of Islaam is the Deen of Truth, whoever truly adheres to it , Allaah guarantee him victory and makes him prevail on everyone else who doesn’t . Allaah تعالى says:

( هو الذى أرسل رسوله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله و لو كره المشركون) ( الصف ،9)

He it is Who sent His Messenger (Mohammed) with the guidance and Deen of the Truth to make it prevail over all (other) religions even though the Mushrikeen hate (it). (Qura’an 61:9)

( و عد الله الذين آمنو منكم و عملوا الصالحات ليستخلفنهم فى الأرض كما إستخلف الذيم من قبلهم و ليمكنن لهم دينهم الذى إرتضى لهم و ليبدلنهم من بعد خوفهم أمنا يعبدوننى لا يشركون بى بى شئيا و من كفر بعد ذلك فأولئك هم الفاسقون) ( النور ، 55)

Allaah has promised, to those among you who believe, and do righteous deeds, that he will certainly grant them succession to ( the present rulers) in the land , as He granted it to those before them ; and he will grant them the authority to practice their religion , that which He has chosen for them ( i.e Islaam) . And He will surely give them in exchange a safe security after their fear (provided) they (believers) worship Me and do not associate anything ( in worship) with Me. But whoever disbelieved after this, they are Fasiqoun( rebellious , disobedience to Allaah) . Qura’an 21:55)

The Deen of Islam is Aqeedah ( Creed) and Sharee’ah ( Legislation ) and it is perfect in both . Islaam commands:

1. The Tawheed and forbids Shirk ( setting associate with Allaah).
2. Truthfulness, and forbids lying.
3. Justice11 , and forbids oppression.
4. Trustworthiness, and forbids treachery.
5. Faithfulness, and forbids betrayal
6. To be good and dutiful to one’s parents, and forbids being disrespectful to them.
7. Keep ties with relatives of kinship, and forbids severing ties with them.
8. To have good relation to one’s neighborhood, and forbids all forms of ill-treatment to the neighbors.

Generally speaking , Islaam commands all noble morals , and forbids all ill and despicable manners; it also commands righteousness and forbids wrong. Allaaah تعالى says:

( إن الله يأمر بالعدل و الإحسان و إيتاء ذى القربى و ينهى عن الفحشاء و المنكر و البغى يعظكم لعلكم تذكرون) ( النحل ، 90)

Verily, Allaah enjoins Al-‘Adel (i.e justice and worshipping none but Allaah) and Al-Ihsan12, and giving help to kith and kin13 , and forbids Al-Fahsha14 , Al-Mankar15 , and Al-Baghy16 .(Qura’an 16:90)
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Arkan ul Islam
The Pillars of Islaam

Arkan Ul Islam are its basic foundations upon which it is established ; they are five , mentioned in the narration by Ibn Umar in Which the prophet said:

( بنى الإسلام على خمسة : على أن يوحد الله ( وفى رواية أخرى على خمس): شهادة ألا إله إلا الله ، و أن محمدا عبده و رسوله ، و إقام الصلاة ، و إيتاء الزكاة ، و صيام رمضان ، و الحج . فقال رجل : الحج و صيام رمضان ، قال : لا صيام رمضان و الحج ، هكذا سمعته من رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم – متفق عليه – و اللفظ لمسلم.

“ Islaam is raised on five (pillars): To establish His Tawheed {and in other narration “The Shahaadah (testimony) that La illaha illa Allaah ( none has the right to be worshipped but Allaah ) and that Mohammed is Allah’s salve and Messenger}, establishment of prayers, payment of Zakaat, the fast of Ramadan , and pilgrimage to (to Makkah) . A person said ( to the narrator) ( which of the two precedes the other ) Pilgrimage or the fast of Ramadan? Upon this (the narrator) replied: No ( it is not the pilgrimage first) but the fast of Ramadan precede the pilgrimage , this is how I have heard it from Allaah’s Messenger”18

FIRST: The Shahaadah of :

لا إله إلا الله ، و أن محمدا عبده و رسوله

La ilaaha illal laah,Mohammed Rassoulul laah

Is the deceived belief expressed on the tongue as though one sees with his own eyes the certainty of his firm conviction. The fact that Shahaadah has been made as single pillar despite the multiplicity in what is being attested, because of either of the following (reasons):

The Messenger is a bearer ( of News) about Allaah تعالى . Attesting therefore , that he , the messenger is a true slave of Allah and bearer of the message ( of Islaam) is integral part of the meaning of Shahaadah ( La illaha illal laah) or

That the two testimonies la illa illal laah , and Mohammed Rassoulal laah are ( the required) bases for the rightness of deeds and their acceptances , since both , the validity and acceptance of deeds , cannot be achieved without Al-Ikhlas to Allaah ( sincere devotion of intention to Allaah alone) and Mutaba’ah ( following) of Rasooulaul laah . It is through Al-Ikhlas that the Shahaadah of la illah illa llah is realized , while through Al-Moutaba’ah of Rasoolul laah , the Shahaadah that Mohammed is Allaah’s slave and Messenger is manifested.

Some of the benefits attained by the declaration of the great Shahaadah include the liberation of the heart and soul from slavery to the created, and from following paths other than the Messenger’s path.

SECOND: Regarding the establishing of Prayers: it is worshipping Allah by performing it in the right and perfect manner19 and its prescribed times. Some of it’s benefits include the openness of the chest, contentment joys and detrainment from committing sins and wrong-doing.

THIRD: The Giving of Zakaat: is devoting worship to Allaah by offering the obligatory prescribed amount charity deducted from the wealth upon which Zakaat is due. Some of it’s benefits are : purifying the self from immoral characteristics like misery , and fulfilling the needs of Islaam and Muslims.

FOURTH: Fasting: It is devoting worship to Allaah by refraining from any everything known to nullify the fast during the days of the month of Ramadan.

Fasting coaches the self to endure the relinquishment of what it likes seeking to gain the pleasure of Allaah.

FIFTH : The Hajj to the House of Allaah: is worshipping Allaah by going to the sacred House (Al-Ka’abh) to execute the rites of Hajj.
Some of the benefits includes: the training of the self to expend the physical and financial sacrifices in obedience to Allaah تعالى . This is the reason why Hajj is considered as one kind of Jihad in the cause of Allaah تعالى.

The benefits that we have mentioned above regarding the basic of Islaam , and others which we have not mentioned ,makes of this Ummah a virtues and purified Islaamic Nation adhering to Allaah through the Deen of Truth , and treats the created with justice and truthfulness . This (conclusion) holds true because the right adherence to the rest of the Islaamic laws depends upon the proper practicability of the above basic.

The status of the Ummah will thrive and prosper as long as it properly adheres to the matters of its Deen. The degree of its prosperity that may escape is proportional to the degree of abandonment of good adherence to matters of its Deen. Whoever seek san evidence for this, let him read the saying of Allah تعالى :

( و لو أن أهل القرى آمنوا و إتقوا لفتحنا عليهم بركات من السماء و الأرض و لكن كذبوا فأخزناهم بما كانوا يكسبون أفأمن أهل القرى أن يأتيهم بأسنا بياتا و هم نائمون أو أمن أهل القرى أن يأتيهم بأسنا ضحى و هم يلعبون أفأمنوا مكر الله فلا يأمن مكر الله إلا القوم الخاسرون ) ( الأعراف ، 96-99)

And if the people of the town had believed and had the Taqwa(piety fear of Allaah) certainly , We should have opened for them the blessing from the heaven and the earth , but belied ( the Messenger) . So we took (with punishment ) for what they used to earn ( polytheism and crime ,..etc) Did the people of the towns then feel secure against that coming of our Punishment by night while they are asleep? Or, did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming our Punishment in the afternoon while they play? Did they feel secure against the plan of Allah . None feels secure from the plan of Allaah except the people who are lost. (Qura’an 7:96-99)

Let also examine the history of those who preceded because history is a lesson for people of thought, and an insight for anyone free from any obstructing to barrier his heart. And it is Allaahh alone who’s Help can be sought.
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The Foundation of Islaamic Creed

The Deen of Islaam , as it is discussed above, is a Deen that comprises ‘ Aqeedha ( matters of faith ) and Sharee’ah (laws , Legislation and judicial aspects). We indicated some of its Laws and mentioned it Arkaan, which are considered the basis of its legislation. As to the ‘Aqeedah Al-Islaamiyyah (the Islamic Creed) , its basis are:
The belief in Allaah , His Angles , His Books, His Messengers, the last day and Al-Qadar20 , its good and bad.

These basis are verified by evidences from the book of Alaah ( i.e The Qura’an) and from the Sunah of Allaah Messenger . In His Book Allaah saya:

( ليس البر أن تولوا وجوهكم قبل المشرق و المغرب و لكن البر من آمن بالله و اليوم الآخر و الملائكة و الكتاب و النبيين) ( البقرة ، 177)

It is not Al-Birr (piety , righteousness , and each and every obedience to Allahh , etc ) that you turn your faces towards east and ( or) west ( in prayers); but Al-Birr is the (quality of) the one who believes in Allaah , the last day , the angles , the Book , the prophets. ( Qura’an 2: 177)

He (تعالى) says about Al-Qadar:

( إن كل شىء خلقناه بقدر و ما أمرنا إلا واحدة كلمح بالبصر) ( القمر ،49-50)

Verily, We have created all things with Qadar , and our commandment is but one , as the twinkling of an eye ( Qura’an 54:49-50)

In the Sunah of Allaah’s Messenger, the Prophet (puh) said in his reply to Jibreel ( Gabriel) when the latter asked him about Eaman ( Faith):

" الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله ، و ملائكته ، و كتبه ، ورسله ،و اليوم الآخر ، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره و شره " رواه مسلم .

“Eamaan is to believe in Allaah , His angles,His Books, His Messengers , and the last day , and to believr in Al-Qadaar , its good and its bad”.21
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Belief In Allaah

The Belief in Allaah Comprises Four Matters:

First: The Belief in Existence of Allaah:

The evidence for the existence of Allaah is established by :

1. Fitrah
2. Reasoning
3. Ash-Shara’a22
4. And Al-Hiss23

1- Pertaining to the Proof of the Faitrah:

Every creature has been created in a state of belief in his creator without preceding thought or education. No one dissuades from what is necessitated by the Fitrah (i.e the belief in Allaah), except the one whose heart has been subjected to what averts it from its (natural course of) Fitrah, as the prophet Mohammed explained when he said:

" ما من مولود إلا يولد على الفطرة ، فأبواه يهودانه أو ينصرانه أو يمجسانه"

“ Each child is born in a state of ” Fitrah” but his parents make him a Jew, or a Christian”24

2-The Evidence of “ Reasoning “: -

All of the creatures, the first and subsequent ones, must have a Creator Who brought them to existence, because they neither can bring themselves into existence, nor they could have come to exist by coincidence! The creatures could have not brought themselves to existence because a thing does not create it self –since prior to its existence it was nothing – so how could it be a creator? And it cannot accidentally bring into being, because every occurrence (novelty, etc.) must need an originator. Also because its existence in such highly magnificent order and homogenous coordination, and due to the coherent relationship between the means and the causes , and the creators with one another , it is absolutely impossible that is very being is coincidental . ( In fact) , what is ( believed) to exist as a result of coincidence , does not follow an ordered pattern at the beginning of its existence . so how could it remain to be ordered during its course of survival and development?
So if its impossible that the creatures have neither brought themselves into existence nor they did they came to exist by coincidence , then it becomes evident that they must have a creator , and He is Allaah , the Rabb of the world.

Allaah تعالى stated the above rational and decisive proof in Soorat Al-Tur , saying:

( أم خلقوا من غير شىء أم هم الخالقون) ( الطور ، 35)

Were they created by nothing , or they themselves the creators? { Qura’an 25:35} , Which means that they were neither created without a creator , nor they were the creators of themselves . It becomes clear , therefore , that their Creator is Allaah تعالى . That is why when Jubair Bin Mut’im heard Allaah’s Messenger reciting Soorat At-Tur , and when he ( the prophet) reached the Aayaat:

( أم خلقوا من غير شىء أم هم الخالقون أم خلقوا السموات و الأرض بل لا يوقنون أم هم عندهم خزائن ربك أم هم المسيطرون) ( سورة الطور ، 35-37)

Were they created by nothing , or were they themselves the creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay , but they have no firm to believe . Or are the treasures of your Raab with them? Or are they the tyrants with authority to do as they like?25

Jubair , who was then a Mushrik ( polytheist), commented:

" كاد قلبى أن يطير ، وذلك أول ما وقر الإيمان فى قلبى " ( رواه البخارى – مفرقا)

“ My heart was about to fly (i.e upon hearing this firm argument)26 . In another separate narration, he said: “And that was the time when Eemaan was first settled in my heart”27

Let us give a parable that clarifies this matter: If some one tells you about a lofty palace , surrounded by gardens with rivers flowing in between , fully furnished with beds and mattresses, and decorated with all kinds of ornament, the basic , and the luxurious , then he says to you : “ This palace in all the of its perfection , has founded itself , or that it came to exit by coincidence , without a founder !” Immediately you will deny and reject his argument, and you will consider his talks as ridiculous. (With this in mind) is it, therefore , possible that this universe with its extended earth , skies , planets , conditions, wonderful and splendid order , could have brought itself into existence ? Or that it came to exist without a Creator?

3- The Ash-Shar’ah28 Evidence For The Existence of Allaah:

The Ash-Shar’ah is evidence for the existence of Allaah because all of the revealed Scriptures states so. The laws that address the welfare of creation and which are provided by these scriptures , constitute an evidence that they came from an All-Wise Rabb who knows about the welfare and interests of His creation. The information about the universe brought forth by the scriptures and whose manifestation testifies for their truthfulness, is a proof that came from the ( one) Raab Who is able to bring into being whatever He already informed about.

4- The “Physical” Evidence For The Existence of Allaah Comprises Two Aspects:-

One of them is that we hear and witness ( Allaah’s) response to all those who supplicate and those who are distressed and grieved. This constitutes an unequivocal evidence for the existence of Allahhتعالى . He تعالى says:

( و نوحا إذ نادى من قبل فاستجبنا له ) ( الأنبياء ، 76)

And ( remember ) Noah, when he cried ( to us) aforetime, We listened to his invocation ( Qura’an 21:76)

He تعالى says:

( إذ يستغيثون ربهم فإستجاب لهم ) ( الأنفال ، 9)

( Remember ) when you sought help from your Raab , and He answered you. ( Qura’an 8:9)

In Saheeh Al-Bukharee , it is reported that Anas bin Malik said that :

عن أنس بن مالك رضى الله عنه – قال : أصابت الناس سنة على عهد النبى صلى الله عليه و سلم فبينما النى صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب بالناس فى يوم الجمعة ، قام إعرابى فقال : يا رسول الله ، هلك المال و جاع العيال فادع الله لنا ، فرفع يديه ، و ما نرى فى السماء قزعة ، فو الذى نفسى بيده ، ما وضعها حتى ثار السحاب أمثال الجبال ، ثم لم ينزل من منبره حتى رأيت المطر يتنازل على لحيته صلى الله عليه و سلم فمطرنا يومنا ذلك ، ومن الغد و بعد الغد ، و الذى يليه ، حتى الجمعة الأخرى. و قام ذلك اإعرابى أو قال غيره فقال : " يا رسول الله ، تهدم البناء ، و غرق المال ، فادع لنا الله ، فرفع فرفع يديه فقال " اللهم حوالينا ولا علينا ، فما يشير بيده غلى ناحية من السحاب و إلا إنفرجت"

“ Once in the lifetime of the prophet Mohammed the people were affected with drought. While the prophet was delivering the Khutba (religious talk) on a Friday, a Bedouin stood up and said” O,Allah ‘s Messenger ! Our possessions are being destroyed and the children are hungry; please invoke Allaah (for rain). So the prophet raised his hands ( invoked Allaah for rain) . At that time there was not a trace of cloud in the sky . By Him, in Whose Hands my soul is, clouds gathered like mountains, and before he got down from the pulpit , I saw the rain falling on his ( prophet) beard.. It rained that day, the next day, the third day , the fourth day till the next day. The Bedouin or another man stood up and said “ O Allaah ‘s Messenger! the houses have collapsed , our possessions and livestock have been drowned; please invoke Allaah for us ( to stop the rain). “ So the prophet raised his both his hands and said “ O Allaah ! Round about us and not on us , So in whatever direction he pointed with his hands , the clouds disappeared and cleared away…29

Responding to the invocations of the supplicant who sincerely resort to Allaah (alone) and fulfill the required condition for Ijaabah30 is a matter that is still being witnessed nowadays.

The second aspect is that the signs of the prophets which is called Mu’jizaaat (Miracles) and which people see or hear about, constitute and irrevocable evidence for the existence of the One who dispatched them: that’s Allah تعالى. Certainly these matters ( Mu’jizzat ) are beyond the capability of mankind and that Allaah manifests them to help and support His Messengers. For example, the Sign given to Musa when Allaah commanded him to strike the sea with stick. He strokes it and the sea parted into twelve dry roads separated by water, which become like a huge mountain. Allaah تعالى saya:

( فأوحينا إلى موسى أن اضرب بعصاك البحر فانفلق فكان كل فرق كالطود العظيم ) ( الشعراء ، 63)

Then We inspired Musa (saying) : “ Strike the sea with your stick.” And it parted , and each separate part (of that sea water) become like a huge , firm mass of a mountain. (Qura’aan 26:63)

Another Example is the sign given to Eesaa ( Jesus) by which he was able to bring life to the dead and bring forth the dead from their graves by Allaah’s Leave . Allaah spoke about him saying :

( و أحيى الموتى بإذن الله ) ( آل عمران ،49)

And I bring the dead to life by Allaah’s Leave . ( Qura’aan 3:49)

( و إذ تخرج الموتى بإذنى ) ( المائدة ، 110)

And When you brought forth the dead by My permission. ( Quraa’an 5:110)

A third example is that Prophet Mohammed when the tribe of Qureish asked him to show them a sign ( a miracle as a proof of his prophet hood)31 He ( the prophet) pointed to the moon and ( behold!) it split asunder and the people saw it. Regarding the ( sign) Allaah تعالى said :

( إقتربت الساعة و انشق القمر و إن يروا آية يعرضوا و يقولوا سحر مستمر ) ( القمر ، 1-2)

The Hour has drawn near , and the moon has been cleft, and they see a sign , they turn away , and say: “This is continuous magic.” ( Quraa’an 54:1-2)

All of these physical signs (Miracles) which Allaah تعالى puts into effect to help and support His Messengers constitutes an irrevocable proof for His existence.

Second: Belief in Allaah’s Ruboobiyyah:

Which means to believe that Allah is the only Rabb without a partner or a helper.

The Rabb is the One to Whom belongs the creation, kingdom and command; There is no Creator but Allaah ; No Malik ( Possessor) except Him,32 and there is no Command but His. He, Most High , says:

( ألا له الخلق و الأمر ) ( الأعراف ،54)

He is the Creation and Commandment .( Quraa’n 7:54)

Allaah also Said :

( ذلكم الله ربكم له الملك والذين تدعون من دونه ما يملكون من قطمير ) ( فاطر ،13)

“Such is Allaah your Rab ; He is the Kingdom . And those , whom you invoke or call upon instead of Him , own not even a Qanteer ( the thin member of date stone.)33” Qura’aan 35:13)

It is not known that any one had denied the Ruboobiyyah of Allaah سبحانه except an arrogant who does not believe what he says , like what happened to the Pharaoh he said to his people :

( أنا ربكم الأعلى ) ( النازعات ، 24)

I am your rabb , most high. ( Quraa’aan 79:24)

And:

( يا أيها الملأ ما علمت لكم من إله غيرى ) ( القصص ، 38 )

O chiefs! I know not that you have an Ilaah ( a god)other than me .(Quraa’an 28:38)

What he said was not a matter of conviction . Allaah تعالى said :

( وجحدوا بها واستيقنتها أنفسهم ظلماً و علواً فانظر كيف كان عاقبة المفسدين ) ( النمل ، 14 )

And they belied then ( the Aayaat: proofs, evidence , verses, lessons, signs, revelations,etc.) wrongfully and arrogantly , through their ownselves were convinced threrof. { i.e the Ayaat are from Allaah and Musa is the Messenger of Allaah in truth , but they disliked to obey Musa , and hated to believe in his Message of Tawheed.}( Qura’aan 16:14)

Allaah related what Musa told the Pharaoh:

Explaining the fundamentals of faith 2013_110

( لقد علمت ما أنزل هؤلاء إلا رب السموات و الأرض بصائر و إنى لأظنك يا فرعون مثبورا )( الإسراء،102 )

“ ( Musa said: “Verily, you know that these sign have been sent down by none but the Rabb of the heavens and the earth as clear ( evidence i.e proofs of Allaah’s Oneness and His Omnipotence etc.) And I think you are , indeed , O Pharaoh doomed to destruction ( away from all good!)”( Quraa’an17:102)

For this reason the Mushrikeen (the pagan Arabs) used to acknowledge the Ruboobiyyah of Allaah تعالى despite committing Shrik in His Ruboobiyyah . Allaah تعالى said:

( قل لمن الأرض و من فيهما إن كنتم تعلمون سيقولون لله قل أفلا تذكرون قل من رب السموات السبع و رب العرش العظيم سيقولون لله قل أفلا تعقلون قل من بيده ملكوت كل شىء و هو يجير و لا يجار عليه إن كنتم تعلمون سيقولون لله قل فأنى تسحرون) ( المؤمنون ، 89-84)

Say : “ Whose is the earth and whosoever is therein? If you know !’
They will say: ‘ It is Allaah’s! ‘ Will you not then remember?”
Say:’ Who is ( the) Rabb of the seven heavens, and (the) Rabb of the Great Arsh (throne)?”
They will say : ‘Allaah .’ Say:’Will you not then fear Allaah ( Believe in His Oneness , obey Him,beliwve in the Resurrection and Recompense for each and every good or bad deed)’.Say:’ In Whose Hand is the soverginity of every thing ( i.e treasures of each and everything ?) And He protest (all) , while against Whom there is no protector34 “ if you know .’They will say :” All that belongs to Allaah.” Say:’ How then are you deceived and turn away from the truth”? Qura’aan 23:84-89

He تعالى also said:

( ولئن سألتهم من خلق السماوات و الأرض ليقولن خلقهن العزيز العليم) ( الزخرف ،9)

“ And indeed if you ask them, “ Who has created the heavens and the earth “? They will say:” They will surely say: “ Mighty, the all-knower created them.” ( Qura’aan 43:9)

He further said:

( و لئن سألتهم من خلقكم ليقولن الله فأنى يؤفكون) ( الزخرف ،87)

“ And if you ask them who created them , they will surely say:”Allaah”. How then are they turned away (from the worship of Allaah Who created them”? ( Qura’’an43:87)
The Command of ar-Rabb ( Allaah) comprises both Al-Kawnee ( Universal) and the Ash-Shar’ee ( Legal or Judicial) Commands. Just as He is the One Who runs the affairs of the universe, Ruling it as He wants and in accordance with what is necessitated by His Wisdom, He is also Judge Who Rules it by means of Legislations that deals with Ibadaat35 and Laws governing all forms of Mu’aamalaat 36 , in conformity with His Wisdom.

So, whoever sets up a legislator besides Allaah in Ibaadaat or a judge in Mu’aamaalaat , commits Shirik and does not ascertain the Eaman.

Third: Belief in Allaah’s Uloohiyyah:

It is the belief that Allaah Alone is the true Ilah , who has no partner or associate. The Ilah means Al-Ma’looh i.e Al-Ma’bood , the only true God who deserves to be worshipped out of love and magnification . Allaah تعالى said:

( و إلهكم إله واحد لا إله إلا هو الرحمن الرحيم ) ( البقرة ، 163)

And your Ilah is one Ilah , لا إله إلا هو La Illah illa Huwa ( There is no true God worthy of worship but He, ) Al-Rahman , ) Whose Mercy encompasses everything) , the Most Merciful . (Qura’an 2:163)

He تعالى also said:

( شهد الله أنه لا إله إلا هو والملائكة و أولو العلم قائما بالقسط لا إله إلا هو العزيز الحكيم ) ( آل عمران ،18)

Allaah bears witness that LaIlla Illah Huwa( none has the right to be worshipped but He), and the angles, and those having knowledge ( also give this witness) ; ( He is always) maintaining His creation in justice . La illahillal Huwa, the All-Mighty , The All-Wise ( Qura’an 3:18)

All that is being taken as an ilaah worshipped as god besides Allah , its Uloohiyyah is false. Allaah تعالى says:

( و ذلك بأن الله هو الحق و أن ما يدعون من دونه هو الباطل و أن الله هو العلى الكبير) ( الحج ،62)

That is because Allaah –He is the truth (the only True God of all that exist , Who has no partner or rivals with Him) , and those besides Him whom they ( the polytheists) invoke-they are but Baatil (vain Falsehood ) . And verily, Allaah ,-He is the Most High , The Most great.) ( Qura’an 22:66)
Calling them aaliha (gods) does not entitle them to the right of Uloohiyyah .Allaah تعالى said describing the pagan deities of Al-laat , Al-‘Uz-zaam , and Minaat that:

( إن هى إلا أسماء سميتموها أنتم و أباؤكم ما أنزل الله بها من سلطان) ( النجم ، 23)

They are but names which you have named ,- yoou and your fathers – for which Allaah sent down no authority . ( Qura’aan 53:23)37

He ( Allaah) told us that Yusuf said to his two companions of the jail :

( أأرباب متفرقون خير أم الله الواحد القهار ما تعبدون من دونه إلا أسماء سميتموها أنتم و أباؤكم ما أنزل الله بها من سلطان) ( يوسف ، 39-40)

O two companions of prison ! Are many different arbab ( lords) better or Allah , the one , Al-Qahhar ?38 you do not worship besides Him but only names which have named ( forged) , you and your fathers , for which Allah has sent down no authority. ( Qura’an 12:39-40)

For this reason, the Messengers, may that Salaat and Sallam for Allah be upon them , used to say to their respective nations:

( اعبدوا الله ما لكم من إله غيره) ( الأعراف ،59،60،73،85) ( هود ، 50،61،84) ( المؤمنون، 23،32)

Worship Allaah ! You have no other Illah ( God) but Him.( Qura’an 7:59,60,73,85;11:50,61,84,;23,32)

The Mushrikeen , however , refused and set up gods as rivals to Allaah , worshipping them besides Allaah , and seeking their support and help. Allaah تعالى invalidated their acts by two proofs:

First: There is not any Divine Quality in the gods they worshipped besides Allaah. These gods are created and can not create and extend neither benefit to their worshippers nor can award off harm from them ; they can neither give them life nor cause them death ; they possess nothing from the heavens and have no share in it . Allaah تعالى said:

( و اتخذوا من دونه آلهة لا يخلقون شيئا و هم يخلقون و لا يملكون لأنفسهم ضرا و لا نفعا و لا يملكون موتا و لا حياة و لا نشورا) ( الفرقان ، 3)

They have taken besides Him other gods that created nothing but are themselves created , and posses neither hurt nor benefit to themselves , and possess no power ( of causing) death , nor ( of Giving) life , nor of raising the dead. ( Qura’an 25:3)

Allaah تعالى also said:

( قل ادعوا الذين زعمتم من دون الله لا يملكون مثقال ذرة فى السماوات و لا فى الأرض و ما لهم فيهما من شرك وما له منهم من ظهير و لا تنفع الشفاعة إلا لمن أذن له ) ( سبأ ، 22-23)

Say: ( O Muhammed to those polytheists , pagan, etc.) “ Call upon those whom you asset ( to be associated god) besides Allah , thy possess not even the weight of small ant,-neither in heavens or on the earth , nor have they any share in either , nor there is for Him any supporter from among them. Intercession with Him profits not , except for him Whom He permits. ( Qura’an 34:22-23)

( أيشركون ما لا يخلق شيئا و هم يخلقون و لا يستطيعون لهم نصرا و لا أنفسهم ينصرون) ( الأعراف ، 191-192)

Do they attribute as partners to Allaah those who created nothing but they themselves are created? No help they can give them , nor can they help themselves. ( Qura’an 7: 191-192)

If this is the situation with those gods , then worshipping them as gods besides Allaah is the utmost of foolishness and falsehood..

Second: Those Mushrikeen used confess that Allaah تعالىِ Alone is Ar-Rabb Al-Lhaaliq ( the Ceator) in Whose Hand is the sovergintiy of everything and He protect ( all) , While against Whom there is no protector .39 This ( confession) necessitates that they should have attested that He is the only True Illah Worthy of Worship ( Uloohiyyah) as they have done with his Ruboobiyyah ( when they took Him as their only Rabb). In this regard Allaah تعالى said:

( يا أيها الناس اعبدوا ربكم الذى خلقكم و الذين من قبلكم لعلكم تتقون الذى جعل لكم الأرض فراشا و السماء بناء و أنزل من السماء ماء فأخرج به من الثمرات رزقا لكم فلا تجعلوا لله أندادا و أنتم تعلمون) ( البقرة ، 21-22)

O mankind! Worship your Rab ( Allaah) , Who Created you and those before you so that you may become pious. Who has made the earth a resting place and the sky as a canopy , and sent down rain from the sky and brought forth therewith fruits as provision for you. Then do not set up rivals unto Allaah ( in worship) while you know. ( that He alone has the right to be worshipped)

Also He said:

( و لئن سألتهم من خلقهم ليقولن الله فأنى يؤفكون) ( الزخرف،87)

And if you ask them who created them , they will surely say: “ Allaah”. How then they turned away ( from the worship of Allaah , Who created them )? ( Qura’an 43:87)

( قل من يرزقكم من السماء و الأرض أمن يملك السمع و الأبصار و من يخرج الحى من الميت و يخرج الميت من الحى و من يدبر الأمر فسيقولون الله فقل أفلا تتقون* فذلكم الله ربكم الحق فماذا بعد الحق إلا الضلال فأنى تصرفون) ( يونس ، 31-33)

Say : Who provides for you from the sky and from the earth? Or Who owns hearing and sight? Who brings out living from the dead and the dead from the living? And Who disposes the affairs? They will say : “Allaah” Will you not then be afraid of Allaah’s Punishment ( for worshipping other than Him)?” such is Allaah , you Rabb , in truth. So apart of Truth, what (remains) but error? So how then you are turned away? ( Qura’an 10:31-32)

Fourth: Belief in Allaah’s Names and Sifat (Attributes):

It means to affirm the Names and Attributes, which Allaah affirmed to Him self in His Book, and in the Sunnah of His Messenger in the way that best fits Him without

Tahreef (distortion of the meaning)
Ta’teel (negating the meaning)
Takyeef (assigning a manner to any attribute) or
Tamtheel(drawing parallels to Allaah)

Allaah تعالى said:

( و لله الأسماء الحسنى فادعوه بها وذروا الذين يلحدون فى أسمائه سيجزون ما كانوا يعملون) ( الأعراف ، 180)

And (all) the Most Beautiful Names belong tho Allaah , so call Him by them , leave the company of those who belie or deny ( or utter impious speech against) His Names. They will be requited for what they used to do . ( Qura’an 7 :180)

He also Said:

( و له المثل الأعلى فى السماوات و الأرض و هو العزيز الحكيم ) ( الروم ،27)

He is the highest description ( i.e none has the right to be worshipped but He, and there is nothing comparable unto Him) in the heavens and in the earth . And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. ( Qura’an 30:27)

( ليس كمثله شىء و هو السميع البصير) ( الشورى ،11)

And there is nothing like unto Him , and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer . ( Qura’an 42:11)

Two sects went astray regarding this matter:

The First Sects: Al-Mu’atlah , who negated all or some of allaah’s Names and Atributes claiming that affirming Allaah’s Names and Sifaat necessitated Tashbeeh ( drawing similarities between Allaah and His creation)! This claim is surely false in many respects , including:

First: it necessitates false obligations like contradiction in the word of Allaah , far from every imperfection. This is because Allaah affirmed the Names and Attributes to Himself and negated the likeness of anything unto Him. Had its affirmation necessitate the Tashbeeh , then it would imply contradiction in the speech of Allaah and that its parts refute one another.
Second: It is not necessary that “ agreement in Name40 “ or “ in an Attribute” between two things obligates likeness between them. Indeed you see two people in a state of agreement where each is hearing, seeing, and speaking human. In no way this necessitate likeness in the human values, nor in hearing, sight, and speech. You see that animals have hands, legs and eyes . This kind of agreement does not necessitate that their hands, legs and eyes like each other. If this distinction in the agreement in Names and qualities amongst the created things is clear, then the distinction between the Creator and the created thing is greater and more evident.

The Second Sect: The Mushabbiha who affirm Allaah’s Names and Attributes but make Tashbeeh ( draw similarities ) between Allaah and His Creation , claiming that this is what is necessitated by the meaning of the texts on the ground that Allaah تعالى addresses the ‘ Ibaad ( mankind) according to their understanding ! such a claim is false in many respects, including:

First: The Mushaabaha: Likeness of Allaah to His creation is a false concept that is negated by the Shar’a as well as reasoning. Thus it is impossible that a false matter is necessitated by the text of the Qura’an and Sunah.
Second: Allaah addressed mankind according to their understanding of the basic meanings of His Names and Attributes. However, the knowledge of the essence and true nature of meanings regarding His Thaat ( Essence) and Sifaat exclusively belongs to Allaah Alone. So if Allaah affirms to Him self that He is All-Hearer, then the Hearing is known from the understanding of basic meaning, which is the comprehension of voices. However, the essence of this meaning with respect to the Hearing of Allaah تعالى is unknown because the essence of hearing is distinct even amongst the created. Certainly, the distinction between the hearing of the created and that of the Creator is greater and more evident.

It is known that if Allaah mentioned about Him self that He Istawaa ‘ala Al-‘Arsh41 , then the Istiwaa’ according to the basic meaning is known ( means: ascendance) , however , the manner ( the ‘how’) of his ascension above His “Arsh is unknown , because the essence of the Istiwaa’ amongst the creatures is distinct . The Istaa’ on firmly stable chair is not the same as that on the saddle of an unyielding and easily frightened camel. When this is distinct with respect to the creatures, than it greater and more evident between the Creator and the creatures.

The belief in Allaah تعالى according to what we have described above yields great benefits to the believers:

First: The true manifestation of the Tawheed of Allaah تعالى such that there is no attachment to other than Him in hope and worship.
Second: the perfect love, magnification and exaltation of Allah تعالى as obligated by His Most Beautiful Names and Sublime Attributes.
Third: Manifesting His worship by doing what He commands and avoiding what He forbade.
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The Belief In The Angles

The angles are creation from the world of Al-Ghayb42 who worship Allah and possess nothing from the Divine Qualities of Ruboobiyyah and Uloohiyyah. Allaah created them from light and granted them the complete submission to His commands and ability to execute it.

Allaah تعالى said :

( و من عنده لا يستكبرون عن عبادته و لا يستحسرون * يسبحون بالليل و النهار لا يفترون ) ( الأنبياء ، 19-20)

And those who are near Him (i.e the angles) are not too proud to worship Him , nor are they weary ( of His worship). ( Qura’an 21:19-20)

They are great in number , none can enumerate them except Allaah تعالى . It is confirmed from the hadeeth of Anas in his narration if the story of Al-Mi’raaj 43 that the prophet Mohammed said:

" فرفع لى البيت المعمور فسألت جبريل فقال هذدا البيت المعمور يصلى فيه كل يوم سبعون ألف ملك إذا خرجوا لم يعودوا إليه آخر ما عليهم. "

“… I was shown Al-Bait Al-Ma’mour.44 I asked Jibreel about it he said: ‘ this is Al-Bait Al-Ma’moor where seventy thousand angles perform salat daily. When they leave, they never return to it. (But always a fresh batch comes into it daily.)44

The Belief in The Angles Comprises Four Matters:

First : The Belief in their existence.
Second: To believe in those whose names are known to us, like Jibreel, and to generally believe in those whose Names we don not know.
Third: The belief in what we know from their attributes, like that of Jibreel whom the prophet Moahmmed saw in his genuine shape in which he was created, having six hundred wings, and covering the hole horizon.45

The angles may , by Allaah’s Command , take the form of a man as happened to Jibreel when Allaah sent him to Mariam where he appeared to her in the form of a man in all respects.46 Also When he came to the prophet Mohammed while he was sitting in the company of his Sahaaba . He ( Jibreel) appeared in the form of a man dressed in extremely white clothes, his hair exceedingly black ; there was signing of journeying were to bee seen on him, and none of the Sahaabah knew him. He sat down by the prophet Mohammed resting his knees against his and placing the palms of his hands upon his thighs. He then asked the prophet Mohammed about Islaam , Eaman , Ihsan 47 , the Hour (i.e Day of Resurrection) and its signs. The prophet Mohammed said :

" هذا جبريل أتاكم ليعلمكم دينكم"

“ That was Jibreel , who came to teach you your Deen.”

Similarly, the angles whom Allaah sent to Ibraaheem and Lut appeared in the the form of men.

Fourth: To believe in what we know of their deeds, which they perform in compliance with the Command of Allaah, تعالى like their Tasbeeh and worship of Allaah48 day and night without boredom or slackness.

Some Angles May Have Specialized Tasks. Example:

Jibreel : the Al-‘Ameen ( the entrusted) on Allaah’s Revelation. He تعالى sends him to the prophets and messengers.
Meekaa’eel: In charge of Al-Qadar i.e rainfall and plants49
Israafeel: Responsible for the blowing of the Trumpet on the Day of the when the Hour will be established and creation will be resurrected.50

Malakul Mawt( The angle of Death): Assigned to pull out the souls at the time of death.51
The Angels appointed to the womb: When the embryo completes four months in the mother’s womb, Allaah sends to him an angel and orders him to record his provision , his life term , his deeds , and whether he will be of the wretched or the blessed ( in the Hereafter)
The Angles appointed to watch and keep records of the deeds of the children of Adam (mankind) : one sitting on the right and one on the left of each person52 .
The angles assigned to question the dead once they are buried . Two angles come and ask him about his Rabb ( Allaah) , his religion , and his prophet.53

The Belief in the Angles Yields Great Benefits, Amongst Them:

First: Being aware of Allaah’s Greatness, power and Authority. Certainly the Greatness of creation (in this case the angles) is due the Greatness of the Creator.

Second: To give thanks to Allaah for His concern for the children of Adam whereby He assigned some of these angles to protect their deeds as well as other interests.

Third: To love the Angles for what they have done from worship to Allaah تعالى .

Some of those who deviated ( from the straight path) denied that the angles are guinene forms. They said that they represent the power of the potential good in creation. This position belies the Book of Allaah , the Sunah of His Messenger and general consensus of Muslims.

Allaah تعالى said:

( الحمد لله فاطر السموات و الأرض و جاعل الملائكة رسلا أولى أجنحة مثنى و ثلاث و رباع) ( فاطر ،1)

All praise is due to Allaah , the ( only) originator (or Creator) of the heavens and the earth Who made the angles messengers with wings-two , three and four ( Qura’an 35:1)

( و لو ترى لإذ يتوفى الذين كفروا الملائكة يضربون و جوهم و أدبارهم ) ( الأنفال ،50)

And if you could see when the angles pull away the souls of the Kufar ( at death) , they smite their faces and their backs. ( Qura’an 8:50)

( و لو ترى إذ الظالمون فى غمرات الموت و الملائكة باسطوا أيديهم أخرجو إنفسكم ) ( الأنعام ،93)

And if you could but see when the Thamlimeen ( polytheists, wrong doers, etc.) are in the agonies of death , while the angles stretching forth their hands (saying) : “ Deli ever your soul”. ( Qura’an 6:93)

( حتى إذا فزع عن قلوبهم قالوا ماذا قال ربكم الحق و هو العلى الكبير ) ( سبأ، 23)

Until when fear is banished from their ( angle’s) hearts, they ( angles) say : “ What is that your Rabb has said”? They say: “ The truth . And He is the most High , the Great.” ( Qura’an 34:23)

Allah also said about the people of Al-Jannah that:

( و الملايكة يدخلون عليهم من كل باب * سلام عليكم بما صبرتم فنعم عقب الدار) ( الرعد ، 23-24)

And the angles shall enter unto them from every gate (saying) :” Salaam be upon you for that persevered in patience. Excellent indeed is the final home.” (Qura’an : 13: 21-24)

The prophet said in the hadeeth reported by Abu Hurairah and collected in Saheeh Al-Bukharee:

عن أبى هريرة رضى الله عنه عن النبى صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : إذا أحب الله عبدا نادى جبريل إن الله يحب فلانا فأحبه فيحبه جبريل فينادى جبريل فى أهل السماء إن الله يحب فلانا فأحبوه فيحبه أهل السماء ثم يوضع له القبول فى أهل الأرض * رواه البخارى

If Allaah loves a person, He calls Jibreel that : Allaah loves so ans so . O Jibreel Love him. “ Jbreel would love him and make an announcement amongst the inhabitants of the heaven: “ Allaah loves so-and-so, therefore you should love him also .” The inhabitants of the heavens would love him, and then he is granted the pleasure of the people or the earth”.54

In the same book, (Saheeh Al-Bukharee) , the prophet Mohammed Said:

عن أبى هريرة رضى الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم إذا كان يوم الجمعة كان على كل باب من أبواب المسجد الملائكة يكتبون الأول فالأول فإذا جلس الإمام طووا الصحف و جاءوا يستمعون الذكر *- رواه البخارى

“ On every Friday the angles take the stand at every gate of the mosque regarding the names of the people one after the other ( according to the time of their arrival for Friday prayer), and when the imam sits ( one the pulpit) they fold up their scrolls and get ready to listen to thikr ( Kutba: the Friday speech).55

The above texts clearly states that the angles are genuine forms ( of creation) and normal forces as those who deviated ( from the straight path) say. The general consensus of the Muslims is in accordance with above texts.
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The Belief In The Kutub

Kutub is the plural of Kitab which means Maktoob ( written).( The legal) meaning that is intended in this chapter:
{ The Book which Allaah has sent down unto His Messengers as Mercy and Guidance to mankind so that they may utilize to achieve their happiness in this life and thereafter.}

The Belief in the Books Includes Four Matters:

First: To believe that the decent of the Books is truly from Allaah.
Second: To believe in the books whose names we know, each according to it’s name , like Al-Qura’an which was sent down unto Mohammed , At-Tawarat which was revealed to Musa , the Injeel which was brought down to ‘Eessaa and Az-Zaboor which was given to Dawood . As to those Books which we don’t know their names , we believe in them on the whole.
Third: To attest their authentic information like news told in the Qura’an and ( or) in the old Scriptures as long as they are not altered or changed.
Fourth: Acting upon its un-brogated statutes , accepting and submitting to them wheather we realize the wisdom behind them or we don’t . All of the old Scriptures are abrogated by the Great Qura’an. Allaah تعالى said:

( وأنزلنا إليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقا لما بين يديه من الكتاب ومهيمنا عليه ) ( المائدة ،48 )

And We have sent down to you the Book in truth confirming the scripture that came before it and Muhyminian ( trustworthy in highness and witness) over it ( old Scriptures).56 ( Qura’an 5:48)

The Qura’an , therefore , is a Judge over all the old scriptures and accordingly it is forbidden to act upon to any of the statues of the old scriptures except what is authentic and acknowledged by the Qura’an.

The Belief in Al-Kutub Yields Great Benefits, Including:

First: Acknowledging Allaah’s concern for His creation whereby He sent to every nation a Book to guide through it.
Second: To recognize the Wisdom of Allaah in His Shara’ah ( Judicial laws) whereby He legislated fro each nation what suites its condition , as Allaah تعالى said:

( ولكل جعلنا شرعة ومنهاجاً ) ( المائدة، 48 )

To teach among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way .( Qura’an 5:48)
Third: To be grateful for Allaah’s Favor of sending down His Books Of Revelation.
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The Belief In Ar-Rusul (Messengers)

Ar-Rusul is the plural of Rasool, which means Murasal: The one dispatched to proclaim something. What is intended (according to the Judicial meaning) is that Ar-Rasool is the man who receives a Shar’a ( A Divine code of law) and is commanded by Allaah to convey it. The first of Ar-Rusul ( The Messenger) is Noah and the last one is Mohammed Allaah تعالى said:

( إنا أوحينا إليك كما أوحينا إلى نوح و النبيين من بعده ) ( النساء، 136 )

Verily, We have inspired you ( O Mohammed ) as We have inspired to Noah to prophets after him. ( Qura’an 4: 136)

In Saheeh Al-Bukharee it is narrated on the authority of Anas bin Malik in the hadeeth of Ash-Shafaa’ah ( The Intercession), the prophet Mohammed mentioned that ( on the day Resurrection) people will go to Adam asking him to intercede them with Allaah 57
“ Go to Noah , The first of Allaah’s Messenger to the people of the earth.
Allaah تعالى said:

(وما كان محمدا أبا أحد من رجالكم ولكن رسول الله وخاتم النبيين) (الأحزاب ،40)

Mohammed is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allaah and the last ( end) of His prophets.( Qura’an33:40)

And theree never was a nation without a Messenger whom Allaah تعالى sends with a particular Sharee’ah to His people or without a prophet receiving the revelation of the Sharee’ah of his predecessor in order to revive it. Allaah تعالى said:

( ولقد بعنثا فى كل أمة رسولاً أن اعبدوا الله و اجتنبوا الطاغوت ) ( النحل ،36 )

And verily, We Have sent among every Ummah ( community , nation) a Messenger (priclaming): “ Worship Allaah ( alone) , and avoid ( or keep away from Taaghout.”58 (Qura’an 16:36).

He also said:

( و إن من أمة إلا خلا فيها نذير ) ( فاطر،24)

There was no Ummaah but a Warner had passed among them ( Qura’an 35:24) .

( إنا أنزلنا التوراة فيها هدى و نور يحكم بها النبيون الذين أسلموا للذين هادوا ) ( سورة المائدة، 44 )

Verily , We did sent down the Torah ( to Musa), therein was guidance and light, by which the prophets , who submitted to Allaah’s Will , judged the Jews.( Qura’an 5:44)

The Messenger are created human beings who don’t have any of the characteristics of Ruboobbiyyah or Uloohiyyah. Allaah spoke about his prophet Mohammed who is the most noble of the Messengers and the highest among them in honor before Allaah:

( قل لا أملك لنفسى نفعا و لا ضرا إلا ما شاءالله و لو كنت أعلم الغيب لا ستكثرت من الخير و ما مسنى السوء إن أنا إلا نزير و بشير لقوم يؤمنون) ( الأعراف ، 188)

Say ( O Mohammed to the disbelievers): “ I possess no power of benefit or hurt to my self except as Allaah Wills. If I Had knowledge of Ghayb, I should have secured for my self and abundance of wealth , and no evil should have touched me . I am but a Warner and bringer of glad tidings to those who believe.” * Qura’an 7:188)

He تعالى said: ( about the prophet Mohammed)

( قل إنى لا أملك لكم ضرا و لا رشدا * قل إنى لن يجيرنى من الله أحد و لن أجد من دونه ملتحدا ) ( الجن 21-22)

Say ( O Mohammed ): “ It is not my power to cause you harm or to bring you to the roght path.” Say: “ None can protect me from Allaah’s punishment ( If I were to disobey Him), nor should I find refuge except in Him” ( Qura’an 72:21-22_

Human Qualities like illness , death the need for food and drink and so forth affect them . Allaah تعالى said about prophet Ibraaheem describing his Rabb ( Allaah):

( و الذى يطعمنى و يسقين * و إذا مرضت فهو يشفين* و الذى يميتنى ثم يحيين) ( الشعراء ،79-81)

It is He who feeds me and gives to drink . And when I am ill , it is His who cures me ; And who will cause to die , and then bring me to life ( again) . ( Qura’an 21:79-81)

The Prophet Moahmmed said:

" إنما أنا بشر مثلكم أنسى كما تنسون فإذا نسيت فذكرونى" :- رواه البخارى و مسلم

“ I am but a human being like you, and liable to forget like you, so if I forget remind me”.59

In the context of parsing the Messengers, Allaah described them having Uboodiyyah60 to Him in their highest rank of standing , saying about Noah:

( إنه كان عبداً شكوراً) ( الإسراء ،3)

Verily, he ( Noah) was a grateful ‘abd( slave-worshipper of Allaah alone).

Allaah said about Mohammed:

( تبارك الذى نزل الفرقان على عبده ليكون للعالمين نذيرا) ( الفرقان ،1)

Blessed be He Who sent down the criterion ( the Qura’an) to His ‘abd ( Mohammed) that may be a Warner to ‘Aalameen ( mankind and jinns). ( Qura’an 25:1)
He said about Ibraaheem , Ishaaq , Ya’aqoob ( may Allaah’s salaat and salaam be upon them):

( و اذكر عبادنا إبراهيم و إسحاق و يعقوب أولى الأيدى و الأبصار * إنا أخلصناهم بخالصة ذكرى الدار * و إنهم عندنا لمن المصطفين الأخيار) ( ص ، الآيات 45-46)

And remember ‘ Ibadanaa ( our slaves) Ibraheem , Ishaq and Yaqoob ( Jacob) , ( all) owners of strength ( in worshipping Us) and ( also) of religious understanding .Verily, We did choose them by granting them ( a good thing i.e) the remembrance of the Daar61( Qura’an 38:45-46)

Allaah spoke about ‘Eesaa bim Mariam that:

( إن هو إلا عبد أنعمنا عليه و جعلناه مثلا لبنى إسرائيل ) ( الزحرف ،59)

He (‘Eesaa) was not more than a slave ( who worships Allaah alone) . We granted our Favor to him , and We made him an example to the children of Israel ( i.e his creation without a father). ( Qura’an 43-59)

The Belief in The Messengers Comprises Four Matters:

First: To Believe that their Message is a true one from Allaah تعالى . Therefore , whoever disbelieves in the Message of any one of them then He disbelieves in all of them , as Allaah تعالى said :

( كذيت قوم نوح المرسلين ) ( الشعراء، 105)

The people of Noah belied the Messengers. ( Qura’an 26:105)

Allaah made belie all the Messengers although there was not any Messenger besides Noah , the Christians who belied Mohammed and did not follow him , themselves belied the Messiah bin Mariam and consequently they are not hid followers , especially when he brought them the good news about Mohammed . The glad tiding would not mean any thing unless He ( Mohammed) is the Messenger to them wherewith Allaah will save them from going astray and guide them to the straight path.

Second: To believe in those of them whose names we know , each according to his name: example, Mohammed , Ibraheem, Musa, ‘Eessaa, Noah , the salat and salaam be upon them . These five are the ‘Ulul ‘Azm mina arRusul ( the Messenger of strong will and steadfastness). Allaah mentined them in two palces in the Qura’an , in His sayinf ( in Soraat Al-Ahzab):

( و إذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم و منك و من نوح و إبراهيم و موسى و عيسى بن مريم)( الأحزاب،71)

And (Remember) when we took from the prophets their covenant , and from you ( O Mohammed ) , and from Noah, Ibraheed , Musa and ‘Eesaa bin Mariam .( Qura’an 33:7) and He is saying in Sorat Ash-Shoura’ah:

( شرع لكم من الدين ما وصى به نوحا و الذين أوحينا إليك و ما وصينا به إبراهيم و موسى و عيسى أن أقيموا الدين و لا تتفرقوا فيه) ( الشورى ،13)

He ( Allaah) has ordained for you from the same Deen ( Islaam) which He ordained for Noah , and that which We have Inspired in you ( O Mohammed) and that which We ordained for Ibraaheem , Musa, and ‘ Eesaa saying you should establish the Deen and make no divisions in it, Qura’an (42:13)

As regard to those of them whose names we don’t know , we believe in them on the whole ( as true Messengers from Allaah ) He تعالى said :

( و لقد أرسلنا رسلاً من قبلك منهم من قصصنا عليك و منهم من لم نقصص عليك ) ( غافر، 78)

Indeed We have sent Messengers before you ( O Mohammed) : of them there are some whose story We have told you , and some whose story We have not told you. ( Qura’an 40:78)
Third: To believe in what is authentically reported from their news.

Fourth: To act upon the Sharee’ah of the Messenger who is sent to us from amongst them , and he is Mohammed , the last ( end) of the Messenger ( and prophets) who is sent to mankind. Allahh تعالى said :

( فلا ور بك لا يؤمنون حتى يحكموك فيما شجر بينهم ثم لا يجدوا فى أنفسهم حرجا مما قضيت و يسلموا تسليما) ( النساء ،65)

But no, by your Rabb, they can have no faith until they take you ( Mohammed) judge in all disputes between them , and find themselves no resistance against your decision , and accept ( them) with full submission. ( Qura’an 4:65)

The Belief in The Messengers Yields Great Benefits Including:

First: Acknowledgement Allaah’s Mercy and concern towards His creation whereas He send them the Messengers to guide them to His straight path and to clearly explain to them how to worship Him , because the human mind is independently unable to realize ( how to worship Allaah).
Second: Giving thanks to Allaah تعالى on this great Favor ( of sending His Messengers)
Third: Loving, Magnifying and praising the Messengers in the manner that befits them since they are Allaah’s Messengers and because they worshipped Him , proclaimed His Message , and gave advice to His creation

The obstinate belied their Messengers claiming that Allaah’s Messengers can not be human in nature . Allaah mentioned this claim and invalidated in His saying:

( و ما منع الناس أن يؤمنوا إذ جاهم الهدى إلا أن قالوا أبعث الله بشراً رسولاً * قل لو كان فى الأرض ملائكة يمشون مطمئنين لنزلنا عليهم من السماء ملكاً لرسول ) ( الإسراء ،94-95)

And nothing prevented men from believing when the guidance came to them , except that they said: “ Has Allaah sent a man as ( His) Messenger ?” say :” If there were on earth , angles walking in peace and security , We should certainly have sent down for them from the heaven an angle as a Messenger”. ( Qura’an 17:94-95)

Allaah thwarted their claim by asserting that a Messenger must be a mn because he is being sent to the people of the earth who are humans. I f the people of the earth were angles. Allaah would have sent to them an angle from the heaven for a Messenger to be like them. Thus, Allaah told about those who belied the Messengers to have said:

( إن أنتم إلا بشر مثلنا تريدون أن تصدونا عما كان يعبد آباؤنا فأتونا بسلطان مبين* قالت لهم رسلهم إن نحن إلا بشر مثلكم و لكن الله يمن على من يشاء من عباده و ما كان لنا أن نأتيكم بسلطان إلا بإذن الله) ( إبراهيم ، 10-11)

“ You are no more than human beings like us! You wish to turn us away from what our fathers used to worship. Then bring us a clear authority (i.e a clear proof of what you say.)” Their Messengers said to them. “: We are no more than human beings like you , but Allaah bestows His Grace to whom He Wills of His Slaves. It is not for us to bring you an authority (proof) except by the permission of Allaah”. ( Qura’aan 14:10-11)
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The Belief In The Last Day

The Last day is the Day of Resurrection on which people will be resurrected to receive recompense and reckoning . It is named as such because there is no day after it. On this Day the people Al-Jannah will settle in their dwellings, and the people of An-Naar (Hell) will reside in there.

The Belief in The Last Day Comprises Three Matters:

First: The belief in Resurrection, Which means giving life to the dead on the Day when the second Trumpet will be blown and mankind will stand before the Rabb of Al-Alameen ( mankind , jinns, and all the exists) They will stand bear-footed , completely naked , and uncircumcised . Allaah تعالى said:

( كما بدأنا أول خلق نعيده و عداً علينا إنا كنا فاعلين) ( الأنبياء، 104)

As We began the first creation, We shall repeat it , ( it is) a promise binding upon us. Truly We shall do it. ( Qura’an 21:104)

Al-Ba’th (Resurrection) is affirmed truth proven by the Qura’an , Sunah,and Ijma’a ( unanimous agreement) of the Muslims. Allaah تعالى said:

( ثم إنكم بعد ذلك لميتون * ثم إنكم يوم القيامة تبعثون) ( المؤمنون ،15)

After that, surely, you will die. Then (again), surely you will be resurrected on the day of Resurrection (Qura’an 23:15-16)

The prophet Mohammed said:

( يحشر الناس يوم القيامة حفاة عراة غرلا) " متفق عليه"

“ People will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection bare-footed , naked and uncircumcised.”62

The Muslims unanimously agree on the affirmation of the Day of the Rsurrection and this is what the wisdom necessarily implies: Allaah makes for His creation a Ma’aad ( place of return) in order to recompense them on the obligation He charged them with on the tongue of His Messenger. Allaah تعالى said:

( أفحسبتم إنما خلقناكم عبثا و إنكم إلينا لا ترجعون) ( المؤمنون،115)

Do you think that We had created you in play (without any purpose) and that you would not be brought back to US? ( Qura’an 23:115)

He told His prophet Mohammed:

( إن الذى فرض عليك القرآن لرادك إلى معاد)( القصص ، 85)

Veirly, He Who has given you ( O Mohammed ) the Qura’an63 will surely bring you back to Ma’ad ( place to return , either to Makkah or to Al-Hannah ,etc) ( Qura’an 28:85)

Second: the belief in recompense and reckoning. The ‘abd will be reckoned with and recompensed for his deeds . This is proven by the Qura’an , Suaah and Ijmah’a of the Muslims . Allaah تعالى said

( إن إلينا إيابهم * ثم إن علينا حسابهم) ( الغاشية ، 25-26)

Verily, to Us will be their return and for Us will be their reckoning .( Qura’an 88:25-26)

Also He said:

( من جاء بالحسنة فله عشر أمثالها و من جاء بالسيئة فلا يجزى إلا مثلها و هم لا يظلمون) ( الأنعام ،160)

Whoever brings a good deed shall have ten times the like thereof to his credit, and whoever brings an evil deeds shall have only the recompense of the like thereof, and shall not be wronged. ( Qura’an 6:160)

( و نضع الموازين القسط ليوم القيامة فلا تظلم نفس شيئا و إن كان مثقال حبة من خردل أتينا بها و كفى بنا حاسبين) ( الأنبياء، 74)

And We shall set up the balances of Justice on the Day of Resurrection, then none will be dealt with unjustly in anything. And if there be weight of mustard seed, we will bring it. And sufficient are we as Beckoners. ( Qura’an :21-47)

Ibn Omar reported that the prophet Mohammed said:

" إن الله يدنى المؤمن فيضع عليه كنفه و يستره فيقول أتعرف ذنب كذا فيقول نعم أى رب حتى إذا قرره بذنوبه و رأى فى نفسه أنه هلك قال سترتها عليك فى الدنيا و أنا أغفرها لك اليوم فيعطى كتاب حسناته و أما الكافر و المنافقون فيقول الأشهاد ( هؤلاء الذين كذبوا على ربهم الأ لعنة الله على الظالمين".

Allaah will bring a believer near Him and shelter Him with Kanafahu64 and ask him : “ Did you commit such and such sins? He will say : “ Yes, my Rabb.” Allaah will keep in asking him till He makes him confess all his sins and will think that he ruined . Allaah will then say : “ I did screen your sins in the world and forgive them for you today”. And then he will given his book (record) of his good deeds. Regarding the disbelievers and hypocrites (their evil acts will be exposed publicly) ‘ And the witnesses will say :” These the ones who lied against their Rabb . No doubt! The Curse of Allaah is on the Ath-Thaalimeen ( polytheists, oppressors and wrong-doers etc..)65 ( Qura’an 11:18)

It has been authentically reported from the prophet Mohammed that he narrated about his Rabb:

صح عن النبى صلى الله عليه و سلم فيما يروى عن ربه عز وجل قال إن الله كتب الحسنات و السيئات ثم بين ذلك فمن هم بحسنة فلم يعملها كتبها الله له عنده حسنة كاملة فإن هو همَّ بها فعملها كتب الله له عنده عشرة حسنات إلى سبع مائة ضعف إلى أضعاف كثيرة و من همَّ بسئية فلم يعملها كتبها الله عنده حسنة كاملة فإن هو هم بها فعملها كتبها الله له سيئة واحدة *

“ Allaah ordered (the appointed angles over you) that tha good and bad deeds be written, and He then showed ( the way) how ( to write). If somebody intends to do a good deed and he doesn’t do it , then Allaah will write for him a full good deed ( in his account with Him) ; and if he intends to do a good deed and he actually does it , then Allaah will write ( in his account) with Him ( its reward equal) from ten to seven hundred times to many more times ; and if somebody intends to do bad deed and he doesn’t do it , then Allaah will write a full good deed ( in his account) with Him ; and if somebody intends to do bad deed and actually did it , then Allaah will write one bad deed ( in his account)66

The Muslims are in agreement in affirming the reckoning and recompnse , and this what the wisdom necessarily implies. Indeed Allaah تعالى brought down the Books , send the Messengers and made it incumbent upon the Ibaad ( creation) to accept ( the Messages) they brought forth and to act according what is obligatory therein; and made it dutiful to fight those who oppose it , and that their blood , offspring , women and property are lawful . Had there been no reckoning and recompense, these matters would have been in vain! Far is Allaah , the All-Wise , removes from such ( imperfection) . He تعالى pointed to the this affirmation ( of reckoning and recompense) in His saying:

( فلنسألن الذين أرسل إليهم و لنسألن المرسلين * فلنقصن عليهم بعلم و ما كنا غائبين) ( الأعراف،7-8)

Then surely, We shall question those (people) to whom it (the Qura’an) and verily, We shall question the Messengers. Then surely We shall narrate unto them (their whole story) with knowledge, and indeed We were not absent. ( Qura’an 7:7-8)

Third: The belief in Al-Jannah and An-Naar ( hell) Fire) and that they are the final and everlasting abode for creation.

Al-Jannah is abode of delight which Allaahتعالى has prepared for the pious believers who believed in what Allaah has ordained upon them and who obey Allaah and His Messengers, sincerely believing in Him and ( truly) following His Messengers. ( Allaah has prepared ) in it ( Al-Jannah) from (all) kinds of bliss which “ no eye had ever seen , no ear had ever heard , and nobody has ever even imagined.” Allaah تعالى said:

( إن الذين آمنوا و عملوا الصالحات أولئك هم خير البرية * جزاؤهم عند ربهم جنات عدن تجرى من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها أبدا رضى الله عنهم و رضوا عنه ذلك لمن خشى ربه ) ( البينة 7-8)

Verily, those who believe67 and do righteous good deeds , they are the best of creatures . Their reward with their Rabb is Gardens of Eternity (‘and: Paradise)68 underneath which rivers flow , they will abide therein forever , Allaah will –pleased with them , and they with Him . That is for him who fears his Rabb.( Qura’an 98:7-8)

He also said:

( فلا تعلم نفس ما أخفى لهم من قرة أعين جزاء بما كانوا يعملون ) ( السجدة ،17)

No person knows what is kept hidden for them of joys as reward for what they used to do. ( Qura’an 32:17)

As regard to An-Naar , it is the abode of torment which Allaah has prepared for the Al-Kafareen Ath-Thaalimeen ( polytheists , wrong doers etc.) who disbelieved in Him and disobeyed His Messengers. In it there are kinds of torment and punishment that cannot be imagined. Allaah تعالى said:

( و اتقوا النار التى أعدت للكافرين) ( آل عمران ،131)

And fear the fire, which has been prepared for the disbelievers. ( Qura’an 3:31)

( و إنا أعتدنا للظالمين ناراً أحاط بهم سرادقها و إن يستغيثوا يغاثوا بماء كالمهل يشوى الوجوه بئس الشراب و ساءت مرتفقاً) ( الكهف، 29)

We have prepared for the Thaalimeen (disbelievers, wrong-doers) a fire whose wall be surrounded them . And if they ask for help they will be granted water like boiling oil , that will scald their faces. Terrible the drink , and an evil Murtafaqa ( dwelling , resting place etc.)

( إن الله لعن الكافرين و أعد لهم سعيرا * خالدين فيها أبدا لا يجدون وليا و لا نصيرا * يوم تقلب وجوهم فى النار يقولون ياليتنا أطعنا الله و أطعنا الرسول) ( الأحزاب ، 64-66)

Allaah has cursed the disbelievers and has prepared for them a flaming fire (Hell). Wherein they will abide forever, and will find neither a protector nor a helper. On the day their faces will be turned over in the fire, they will say : “ Oh , would that we had obeyed Allaah and obeyed the Messenger ( Mohammed) “ ( Qura’an 33:64)

Part of the Belief in The Hereafter Is The Belief in What occurs After Death, like:

A. Fitnatul Qabr ( The Affliction of The Grave) which is the questioning ( by two angles) of the dead person ( in his grave) about his Rabb , his Deen , his prophet. Allaah will keep firm those who believed with the word that stands firm. He ( the believer) will say:” My Rabb is Allaah and my Deen is Islaam and my prophet is Mohammed. As to the Thalimeen , Allaah will led them astray and the kaafir will say:”Hah! Hah , I don’t Know.” The hypocrite ( or doubtful person)69 will say :” I don’t know , I heard the people say something and so I said it. (the same)
B. The Torment and Delight of the Grave: The torment will inflicted upon the Thalameen from the disbelievers and hypocrites. Allaah تعالى said:

( و لو ترى إذ الظالمون فى غمرات الموت و الملائكة باسطوا أيديهم أخرجوا أنفسكم اليوم تجزون عذاب الهون بما كنتم تقولون على الله غير الحق و كنتم عن آياته تستكبرون) ( الأنعام ،93)

And if you could but see when the Thamlimeen are in the agonies of death , while the angles extending forth their hands(saying) : “ Deliver your souls! This you shall be recompensed with the torment of degradation because of what you used to utter against Allaah other than the truth. And you used to reject His Ayaat ( proofs , evidence , verses , lessons, signs , revelations, etc,) with disrespect. ( Qura’an 6:93)

And Also the Statement of Allaah about folk of the Pharaoh:

( النار يعرضون عليها عليها غدوا و عشيا و يوم تقوم الساعة أدخلوا آل فرعون أشد العذاب) ( غافر، 46)

The Fire , they are exposed to it morning and afternoon , and on the Day when the Hour will be established ( it will be said to the angles) :” Cast the Pharaoh’s folk into the severest torment.” ( Qura’an 40-46)

In the hadeeth narrated by Zayed bin Thaabit , the prophet Mohammed said:

قال النبى صلى الله عليه و سلم: " فلولا أن تدافنوا لدعوت الله أن يسمعكم من عذاب القبر الذى أسمع منه ثم أقبل علينا بوجهه فقال تعوذوا بالله من عذاب النار قالوا نعوذ بالله من عذاب النار فقال تعوذوا من عذاب القبر قالوا نعوذ بالله من عذاب القبر قال تعوذوا من الفتن ما ظهر منها و ما بطن قالوا نعوذ بالله من الفتن ما ظهر منها و ما بطن قال تعوذوا بالله من فتنة الدجال فقالوا نعوذ بالله من فتنة الدجال." – رواه مسلم

“ If it were not the reason that you would stop burying ( your dead) in the graves on listening to the torment in the grave which I’m listening to, I would have certainly made you hear that. Then turning hid face to us70 he said:’ Seek refuge with Allaah from the torment of Hell .’ they said We seek refuge with Allaah from the torment of the Hell . He said: ‘ Seek refuge with Allaah from the torment of the grave’. ‘ They said” We seek refuge in Allaah from the torment of the grave.” He said” Seek refuge in Allaah from the trial , its manifested and hidden( aspects) , and they said “ We seek refuge in Allaah from the trails and its manifested and hidden (aspects) , and he said:” Seek refuge in Allaah from the affliction of the Dajjaal (pseudo-Christ)71 , and they said : We seek refuge in Allah from the affliction of the Dajjal.”

The Bliss of the garve is exclusive to the true believers.

Allaah تعالى said:

( إن الذين قالوا ربنا الله ثم استقاموا تتنزل عليهم الملائكة ألا تخافوا و لا تحزنوا و أبشروا بالجنة التى كنتم توعدون) ( فصلت ، 30)

Verily, those who say:” Our Rabb is Allaah ( Alone) , and then they Istaqaamu72 , on them the angles will descend ( at the time of their death) ( saying) :” Fear not , nor grieve , but receive the glad tiding of Al-Jannah which you have been promised. ( Qura’an 41:30)

He تعالى also said:

( فلولا إذا بلغت الحلقوم * و أنتم حينئذ تنظرون * و نحن أقرب إليه منكم و لكن لا تبصرون * فلولا إن كنتم غير مدينين * ترجعونها إن كنتم صادقين * فأما إن كان من المقربين * فروح و ريحان و جنة نعيم ) ( الواقعة ، 83-89) إلى آخر السورة.

Then why do you want ( intervene ) when ( the soul of a dying person) reaches the throat? And you at the moment are looking on, but We (i.e Our angles who take the soul) are nearer to him than you , but you see not. Then why do you not , - if you are excempt from the reckoning and recompense ( punishment , etc.) bring back the soul ( to its body) , if you are truthful? Then , if he ( the dying person) be of those brought near to Allaah , ( there is for him) rest and provision and a Garden of delight ( Paradise). Qura’an 56: 83-89) Till the end of some Soorah)

Al-Baraa’ bin ‘Azib reported that the prophet Mohammed indicated ( that) upon the believers’ answer to the questions raised by the two angles is in the grave:

عن البراء بن عازب أن النبى صلى الله عليه و سلم قال فى المؤمن إذا أجاب الملكين فى قبره :" فينادى مناد فى السماء أن صدق عبدى فافرشوه من الجنة و ألبسوه من الجنة و افتحوا له بابا إلى الجنة فيأتيه من روحها و طيبها و يفسح له فى قبره مد بصره "

“ A voice is heard in the Heavens, saying:’ My ‘abd has told the truth . so cloth him in the clothing of Al-Jannah , spread for him the furnishing of Al-Jannah , and open for him a door to Al-Janaah.’ Thereupon, he is engulfed by the a breeze of its scent and fragrance , while the expanded of his grave is extended before him as far as the eye can see.73

The Belief in The Last day Has many Benefits, Including:

First: Awakening the desire to perform acts of obedience , striving to accomplish them in the hope of gaining the reward of the Last Day.
Second: Arousing the fear from committing acts of disobedience and accepting them , fearing the punishment of the last Day.
Third: Comforting the believer over matters of this world that may escape him , by that which he hopes for from the delight and reward of the Hereafter.

The Kuffar denied the Resurrection after death claiming that it is impossible. Such a claim is false and its invalidity is proven by As-Shara’ah , Al-Hiss, and Reasoning.
The Proof from Ash-Shara’ah : in fact Allah تعالى said:

( زعم الذين كفروا أن لن يبعثوا قل بلى وربى لتبعثن ثم لتنبؤن بما عملتم و ذلك على الله يسير) ( التغابن، 7)

The Disbelivers pretend that they will never be resurrected ( for the account) .Say (O Mohammed) :” yes ! by My Robb , you will be resurrected , then you will be informed of ( and recompensed for) what you did , and that is easy for Allaah. ( Qura’an 64:7)

All of the scriptures are in agreement regarding this matter.

The proof from Al-Hiss: Allaah had shown His creation the raising of the dead in this life . In Soorat Al-Baqarah there are five examples on this.

The first example is with the people of Musa when they told him :

( لن نؤمن لك حتى نرى الله جهرة)

We shall not believe on you till we see Allaah plainly.

Allaah caused them to die then brought them back to life. About this matter Allaah تعالى addressed Banee Israa’eel ( children of Israel) saying:

( و إذ قلتم يا موسى لن نؤمن لك حتى نرى الله جهرة فأخذتكم الصاعقة و أنتم تنظرون * ثم بعثناكم من بعد موتكم لعلكم تشكرون) ( البقرة ،55-56)

And ( remember ) when you said :” O Musa ! we shall never believe in you till we see Allaah plainly”. But you were seized with a thunder-bolt ( lighting) while you looking. Then We praised you up after your death , so that you might be grateful.( Qura’an 2:55-56)

The Second Example lies in the story of the person whom Banee Israa’eel accused each other of murdering . Allaah تعالى ordered them to slaughter a cow then to strike him( the slewed man ) with a part of it ( in order that Allaah might bring him back to life momentarily) thereby revealing his killer.74 Allaah تعالى said regarding this:

( و إذ قتلتم نفساً فادارتم فيها و الله مخرج ما كنتم تكتمون * فقلنا اضربوه ببعضها كذلك يحى الله الموتى و يريكم آياته لعلكم تعقلون ) ( البقرة ،73)

And ( remember) when you killed a man and fell into dispute among yourselves as to the crime. But Allaah broght And ( remember ) when you killed a man and fell into dispute among youselves as to the crime. But Allaah brought forth that which you were hiding . So We said : “ strike him ( the dead man) with a piece of it ( the cow).”) Thus Allaah brings the dead to life and shows you His Ayaat so that you my understand. ( Qur’an 2:73)

The Third example is about the story of the people who fled their homes in thousands fearing death. Allaah made them die, then He brought them bck to life . He تعالى said:

( ألم تر إلى الذين خرجوا من ديارهم و هم ألوف حذر الموت فقال لهم الله موتوا ثم أحياهم إن الله لذو فضل على الناس و لكن أكثر الناس لا يشكرون) ( البقرة،243)

Did you O Mohammed nit think of those who went forth fom their homes in thusnds , fearing death ? Allaah said to them “Die” . And then He retored them to life, Truly , Allaah is full of Bounty to mankind , but most men thank not.” ( Qura’an2:243).

The Fourth example is that of the person who after passing by the ruins of town thought that it is impossible to bring it to life. Allaah تعالى says:

( أو كالذى مر على قرية و هى خاوية على عروشها قال أنى يحى هذه الله بعد موتها فأماته الله مائة عام ثم بعثه قال كم لبثت قال لبثت يوما أو بعض يوم قال بل لبثت مائة عام فانظر إلى طعامك و شرابك لم يتسنه و انظر إلى حمارك ولنجعلك آية للناس وانظر إلى العظام كيف ننشزها ثم نكسوها لحما فلما تبين له قال أعلم أن الله على كل شىء قدير) ( البقرة ، 259)

Or like the one who passed by a town and it had tumbled never its roofs. He said :” Oh!How will Allaah ever bring it to life after its death ?”So Allah caused him to die for it to life after its death”? So Allaah caused him to die for a hundred years, then bought him back to life . He said “ How long did you remain (dead)?” (The man) said: Perhaps I remained a day or a portion of day.” He said: “ Nay, you have remained for one hundred years Just look at your food and drink, they show no change. And look t your donkey! And thus We have made of you a sign for the people. Look at the bones, how We bring them together and clothes them with flesh.” When this mtter becme clear to hi , he said:” I know ( now) that Allaah is able to do ll things.”( Qura’an 2:259)

The Fifth example is the story of Ibrheem Al-Khleel [75] when he asked Allaah to show him He raises the dead? Allaah تعالى ordered him to slaughter four birds then to put portion of them on every hill around him. He then ordered him to call upon the birds nd see how their parts will rejoin and how they will come to him ( flying) with speed. Allaah says about this:

( و إذ قال إبراهيم رب أرنى كيف تحى الموتى قال أولم تؤمن قال بلى و لكن ليطمئن قلبى قال فخذ أربعة من الطير فصرهن إليك ثم اجعل على كل جبل منهن جزءاً ثم ادعهن يأتينك سعياً و أعلم أن الله عزيز حكيم) ( البقرة ، 260)

And ( remember ) when Ibraheem said,” My Robb ! show how You give life to dead?” He ( Allaah) said:” Do you not believe?” He (Ibraheem) said:”Yes, ( I believe) , but to be stronger in faith .” He said”: take your birds , then tame them to you ( then slaughter them , cut them into pieces) , and then put a portion of them on every hill, and call them , they will come to you in haste. And know that Allaah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.” ( Qura’an 2:260)

The above are real examples that took place nd which are evidence on the possible rising of the dead. It has been denoted earlier that giving life to the dead and raising them from their graves by the will of Allaah are some of the Ayaat that were given to Eesaa bim Mariam.

The Rationalistic Evidence Has two Aspects:

First : Allah تعالى is the one Who originated the creation of the Heavens and the earth. Being Able to originate the process of creation, He is not incapable of repeating it ( after it has been perished) . Allaah تعالى said :

( و هو الذى يبدأ الخلق ثم يعيده و هو أهون عليه ) ( الروم ،27)

And He is Who originated the creation , then will repeat it ( after it has been perished ) , and is easier for Him.( Qura’an 30:27)

( كما بدأنا أول خلق نعيده وعداً علينا إنا كنا فاعلين) ( الأنبياء،104)

As We began the first creation , We shall repeat it: a promise We have undertaken. Truly We shall do it. ( Qura’an 21:104)

In response to those who denied giving life to rotten and decomposed bones, Allaah ordered ( the prophet Mohammed.:

( قل يحييها الذى أنشأها أول مرة و هو بكل خلق عليم ( يسن ،79)

Say ( O Mohammed ) “ He will give life to them Who created them for the first time! And He is the All-knower of every creation!.” ( Qura’an 36:79)

Second: The earth may be barren and life ness without a single green tree in it. Then rain pours down on it and it stirs (to life) and becomes green and filled with life, it puts forth every lovely kind of growth. The one Whose Able to bring life to it after it was dead, is also Able to give life to the dead. Allaah تعالى said :

( ومن آياته أنك ترى الأرض خاشعة فإذا أنزلنا عليها الماء إهتزت و ربت إن الذى أحياها لمحى الموتى إنه على كل شىء قدير) ( فصلت، 39)

And among His signs ( is this) , that you see the earth barren , but when we send water thereon , it is According to Ash-Shara’ah the text affirming the torment of the grave proceeded under part (B) entitled “ Part of the Belief in The Hereafter is The Belief in what Occurs After Death”.

In Saheeh Al-Bukharee and by the way of the hadeeth narrated by Ibn Abbas , he said:

عن ابن عباس – رضى الله عنهما – قال خرج النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم من بعض حيطان المدينة فسمع صوت إنسانين يعذبان فى قبورهما فقال يعذبان وما يعذبان فى كبير وإنه لكبير كان أحدهما لا يستتر من البول – و فى رواية من ( بوله) و كان الآخر يمشى بالنميمة – الحديث.

Once the prophet Mohammed passed through one of the graveyards of Madeenah and heard the voices of two human who were being tortured in their graves. The prophet said:” They are being punished, not because of a major sin, yet their sins are great One of them used not of shield himself from (being soiled) with urine77, and the other used to go about with Nameemah78,79.

The evidence of Al-Hiss is that is the person sees while his sleep that he was in a wide and beautiful place enjoying himself therein, or that he was in a narrow and eerie place suffering from it, Sometimes he may get up because of what he saw, ye he is still in his bed and in his room as he was before. Sleep is like death and that is why Allaah تعالى called it Wafaat . He said:

( الله يتوفى الأنفس حين موتها و التى لم تمت فى منامها فيمسك التى قضى عليها الموت و يرسل الأخرى إلى أجل مسمى) ( الومر، 42)

It is Allaah Who Yatawafaa (takes away) the souls at the time of their death, and those that die not during their sleep. He keeps those (souls) for which He has ordained death and sends the rest for a term appointed. ( Qura’an 39:42)

According to the Reasoning, the person in his sleep sees a true dream that is actually identical to reality. He may even see the prophet Mohammed in his true shape, and whoever sees him in his true shape then indeed he has truly seen him. Nevertheless, the sleeping person is still in his room far away from what he has seen . Thus if this is possible in matters of his life, will it not then be possible in the matters of the Hereafter?

The reliance or their claim that “ if the deed in his grave is uncovered he would be found in the same condition that he upon ( right before his burial) , and what that neither a change in the wideness nor narrowness of the grave took place”, may be answered in may including :

First: It is impossible to oppose what As-Shara’ah brought forth( ;i.e from the news and evidence) by such refutable doubts, if the one who bases his opposition on such doubts would give good thought to what is brought forth by Ash-Shara’ah , he would come to recognize the invalidity of these doubts. It is said (in a poem) that:

و كم من عائب قولا صحيحا
و آفته من الفهم السقيم

Many are those who blame
A sound saying of being faulty-
While the defect ( of each one of them) is in his faulty
Understanding?

Second: The condition in Barzach80 are matters of Al-Ghyaib which can not be comprehended by Al-Hiss , if they were comprehensible by the sense , than the benefits of believing in Al-Ghyaib would be equally the same as those who deny attesting to its truth.

Third: The torment and delight , and wideness and narrowness of the grave are comprehended only by the dead person and none else. This is the same as the situation in which the person sees himself while in his sleep in a narrow and weird place or in a wide and beautiful one. With respect to other , his place during his sleep did not change. He is still in his room between his bed and his cover. In fact the prophet Mohammed used to be under inispration ( by Al-Wahey) while being among his companions : he heard the revelation while his companions did not . At times the angle ( Jibreel) used to take the form of a man who speaks to the prophet Mohammed and the Sahabaah neither see nor hear him.

Fourth: The creation’s capacity of comprehension is limited to what Allaah تعالى enables them to comprehend- It is impossible for them to comprehend every existing things . The seven Heavens and the earth and all that is therein , and there is not a thing but make Tasbeeh bi hamdulilah : involved in declaring all praises is due to Allaah ( being) far removed every imperfection or defect. This Tasbeeh is true and real and sometimes Allaah تعالى may let whom He wills from his creation hear it. Yes, it is still concealed from us. About this Allaah تعالى said:

( تسبح له السموات السبع و الأرض و من فيهن و إن من شىء إلا يسبح بحمده و لكن لا تفقهون تسبيحهم ) ( الإسراء ،44)

The seven Heavens and the earth and all that therein make Tasbeeh of Him and there is not a thing but makes Tasbeeh bihamdhi but you don’t understand their Tasbeeh. ( Qura’an 17:44)

In this matter , the Shayaateen and Jinn move across the earth back and forth and ( a company of) the Jinn came to Allaah’s Messenger Mohammed , listened in silence to his recitation of the Qura’an and when it was finished , they returned to their people , as Warner . Still , however , they are concealed from us. About this Allaah تعالى said :

( يا بنى آدم لا يفتننكم الشيطان كما أخرج أبويكم من الجنة ينزع عنهما لباسهما ليريهما سوءاتهما إنه يراكم وقبيله من حيث لا ترونهم إنا جعلنا الشياطين أولياء للذين لا يؤمنون) ( الأعراف ،27)

O Children of Adam! Let not the Shaytaan deceive you, as he got your parents (Adam and Eve) out of Al-Janaah , stripping them of their raiment , to show them their private parts . Verily, , he and Qbbeeluhu ( his soldiers from the jinns or his tribe) see you from where you can not see them. Verily , We made them the devils ‘awliyaa’ ( protectors and helpers) for those who believe not . ( Qura’an 7:27)

And since creation cannot comprehended every existing thing then it is impossible for them to deny what has been affirmed from the matters of Al-Ghyb when they are unaware of it.
__________________
The Belief In Al-Qadar

Al-Qadar is Allaah’s predestination of beings according to His Foreknowledge and as necessitated by His Wisdom.

The Belief in Al-Qadar Comprises Four Matters:

First: The Belief that Allaah تعالى knew every thing on the whole and in details which took place in the past and is taking or will take place in the future and forever, whether it is related to His Actions or the actions of His Ibaad ( creatures)
Second: The Belief that Allaah wrote ( everything pertaining to His knowledge) in Al-louhul Alahafoudh.88 Regarding these two aspects ( knowledge and writing) Allaah تعالى says:

( ألم تعلم أن الله يعلم ما فى السماء و الأرض ، إن ذلك فى كتاب إن ذلك على الله يسير) ( الحج ، 70)

Know you that Allaah knows all that is in heaven and the earth? Verily , it is (all) in the Book ( Al-luhul Almahafoudh)! Verily, that is easy for Allaah. ( Qura’an 22:70)

In Saheeh Muslim from the way of Abdullah bin ‘Amar bin Al’As رضى الله عنهما , Who said “: Iheard Allaah Messenge saying”:

" كتب الله مقادير الخلائق قبل أن يخلق السموات و الأرض بخمسين ألف سنة " – رواه مسلم

‘Allaah had written the ordained measures ( and due proportions) of the creation , fifty-thousand years before the creation of the heavens and the earth”82

Third: The belief that all created things do not come to exist except by the Will of Allaah تعالى making n o difference whether it pertains to His Action or to that of the created beings. Allaah تعالى spoke about what pertains to His actions:

( و ربك يخلق ما يشاء و يختار) ( القصص ، 68)

Verily, your Rabb creates whatever He wills and choose. ( Qura’an 28-68)

( يفعل ما يشاء) ( إبراهيم ، 27)

And Allaah does what He Wills. ( Qura’an 14:27)

( و هو الذى يصوركم فى الأرحام كيف يشاء) ( آل عمران، 6)

He it is Who shapes you in the wombs as He pleases. ( Qura’an 3:6)

Pertaining to the action of the created. He Allaah تعالى said:

( ولو شاء الله لسلطهم عليكم فلقاتلوكم) ( النساء ، 90)

Had Allaah willed , He would have given them power over you , and had he had would have fought you. ( Qura’an 4:90)

( و لو شاء الله ما فعلوه فذرهم و ما يفترون) ( الأنعام ،137)

Had Allaah willed, they would have not done so , So leave them alone with their fabrications ( Qura’an 6:137)

Fourth: The belief that all beings are created by Allaah including Thawaatiha (their slaves) , their qualities and their motion. Allaah تعالى said:

( و الله خالق كل شىء و هو على كل شىء وكيل) ( الزمر، 62)

Allaah is the Creator of all things , and He is the Wakeel ( Trustee , Disposer of affairs, Guardian, etc.) over all things. ( Qura’an 39:62)

( و خلق كل شىء فقدره تقديراً ) ( الفرقان،2)

And he created everything , and has measured it exactly to its due measurements. ( Qura’an 25:2)

He said about His prophet Ibraaheem that he told his people :

( والله خلقكم وما تعملون) ( الصافات،95-96)

While Allaah has created and what you make.83

The above description of the matters of belief in Al-Qadr does not negate that ‘abd has a mashee’ah ( will) and an ability ( Qudrah) regarding his voluntarily deed , because both Ash-Shara’a and Reality are proves that affirm these ( qualities) to him.

As for Ash-Shar’a , Allaah تعالى said about the mashee’ah ( of the ‘abd):

( فمن شاء اتخذ إلى ربه مآبا) ( النبأ، 39)

So whoever wills, let him seek a place with ( or a way to ) His Rabb ( by obeying Him in this worldly life)! ( Qura’an 78:39)

( فأتوا حرثكم أنى شيئتم) ( البقرة ،223)

So go to your Harth84 when and or how you will. ( Qura’an 2:223)

Allaah said regarding Al-Qudrah (man’s ability:

( فاتقوا الله ما استطتم و اسمعوا و أطيعوا) ( التغابن ،16)

So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can; listen and obey. ( Qura’an 64:16)

( لا يكلف الله نفسا إلا وسعها لها ما كسبت و عليها ما اكتسبت) ( البقرة ،286)

Allaah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He gets reward for teat ( good) which has earned , and he is punished for that ( evil) which he has earned. (Qura’an 2:286)

As to the reality aspect, every person knows that he has a meshee’ah and a qudra’ah by which he acts or relinquishes, and that he distinguishes between what he willfully carries out, like walking , and what occurs unintentionally, like tremors. However , the ‘adb will (mashee’ah) and Qudrah exist only by Allaah’s will and Ability. He تعالى said:

( لمن شاء منكم أن يستقيم * و ما تشاءون إلا أن يشاء الله رب العالمين) ( التكوير،28-29)

To whomsoever among you who wills to talk straight , and you will not unless ( it be) that Allaah Wills – the Rabb of the ‘Aalameen ( mankind, jinns and all that exist. ( Qura’an 82:29-29)

And since the entire universe belong to Allaah تعالى , then nothing will come to exist in His kingdom without His will.

Also the belief in Al-Qadr as described above, does not grant the ‘abd an argument neither for what he had abandoned from the obligatory acts nor for the acts of disobedience which he had committed. Accordingly, his justifications, by taking Al-Qadar as a pretext, invalid by the following accounts:

First: In Allaah saying:

(سيقول الذين أشركوا لو شاء الله ما أشركنا و لا آباؤنا و لا حرمنا من شىء كذلك كذب الذين من قبلهم حتى ذاقوا بأسنا قل هل عندكم من علم فتخرجوه لنا إن تتبعون إلا الظن و إن أنتم إلا تخرصون) ( الأنعام، 148)

Those who took partners (in worship) with Allaah will say: “ If Allaah had willed, we would not have taken partners ( in worship) with Him , and we would not have forbidden anything ( against His will) . Likewise belied those who were before them, (they argued falsely with Allaah’s Messengers) , till they tasted of Our Wrath. Say: “ Have you any knowledge (proof) that you can produce before us ? Verily, you follow nothing but guesses and you do nothing but lie. ( Qura’an 6:148)

Had there been excuse for them in Al-Qhadr , Allaah would not have inflicted punishment upon them.

Second : Allaah saying :

( رسلا مبشرين و منذرين لئلا يكون للناس على الله حجة بعد الرسل و كان الله عزيزا حكيما) ( النساء ،165)

Messengers as bearers of good as well as of warning in order that mankind should have no plea against Allaah after the Messengers. Allaah is Ever All-Mighty , All-Wise . ( Qura’an 4:165)

Had AlQadar been a valid excuse for those opposing (the Messengers) , it would never be eliminated by the mere sending of the Messengers , because the opposition will occur , by Allaah’s will , even after sending them.

Third: The hadeeth narrated by Alee bin Abee Talib and reported by Al-Bukharee and Muslim in which the prophet Mohammed said:

ما منكم من أحد إلا قد كتب مقعده من النار أو الجنة فقال رجل من القوم ألا نتكل يا رسو الله قال لا إعملوا فكل ميسر ثم قرأ ( فأما من أعطى و اتقى ) الآية * و فى لفظ لمسلم " فكل ميسر لما خلق له".

“ There is none of you but has his place either in Hell or Al-Janaah.” A man from amongst the people said “ Shall we not depend upon that (and give up doing any deeds)? He said “ Carry on doing (good deeds) for everybody will find it easy to do such deeds as will lead him to his destined place for which he has been created.” (And then the prophet recited the Aayah:

( فأما من أعطى و اتقى) الآية.

As for him who gives ( in charity) and keeps his duty to Allaah and fears Him , and believe in Al-Husna85 , We will make smooth for him the path of ease ( goodness) , but he who is greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient , and gives lie to Husna , We will make smooth for him the path for evil ( Qura’an 92:5-10).86

The Prophet Mohammed ordered to carry on doing the good deeds and forbade the dependence upon Al-Qadr.

Fourth: Allaah تعالى commanded the ‘abd ( to do the lawful) and forbade upon him ( the un-lawful) and did not hold him responsible towards what he is able to do . Allaah تعالى said:

( فاتقوا الله ما إستطعتم) ( التغابن،16)
Keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can. ( Qura’an 64:16)

( لا يكلف الله نفسا إلا وسعها) ( البقرة،268)

Allaah burdens not a person beyond his scope. ( Qura’an 2:268)

If man were compelled to act, then he would be burdened with inescapable things. This is certainly false. That is why if he commits something wrong due to forgetfulness, ignorance or under compulsion m then there is no sins on him because he is excused.

Fifth: The Al-Qadr of Allaah تعالى is preserved secret kept unknown until the occurrence of what is preordained . The ‘abd intention of what he does precedes his actions and thus it is not based upon a foreknowledge on his part of the Qadar of Allaah . at the time , his excuse about Al-Qadar is negated , because one can have no established proof in what he knows not.

Sixth: We see that man is keen to obtain what suits him from worldly matters. He does not abandon it for that which suits him not and then blame his relinquishment on Al-Qadar . Why is it then that he turns away from what benefits him from the matters of his Deen to that which causes him harm and resort to Al-Qadar for justification? Isn’t so that dealing with both matters should be one87

The following is an example that clarifies this issue: If there are two roads in front of a person : one leading to a town filled with mischief , disorder , killing , looting , fear , hunger and all forms of sexual and moral abuse ; the second takes him to a town enjoying order , security , and quiet , abundant sustenance and good living , and which lives , honor and property are respected ; which road will you like?

Certainly he will take the road that takes him to the town of order and security . No sensible person would ever take the road lead to the town of chaos and fear and then take Al-Qadar as a pretext. Why is it then when it comes to the matter of the Hereafter he takes the way to Fire( Hell) instead of the way to Al-Jannaah and then use Al-Qadar as an argument?

Another example: We see that when a patient is ordered to take the prescribed medicine , he takes it while his self does not like it. And when is forbidden from taking the food which cause him harm, he gives it up while his self desires it. He does all of this seeking a cure and to be safe. It is rather impossible that he refrain from taking the medicine or eating the food which is harmful to him using Al-Qadar as a pretext ! Why does a man , therefore , abandon the command of allaah and His Messenger or does what Allaah and His Messengers forbid and takes Al_Qadar as evidence?

Seventh: If a person who takes Al-Qadar as pretext ( to justify) what he has abandoned from Al-Wajibaat88 or what he has committed from sins, is attacked by someone who takes away his property or violates his honor and then tells him “: Do not blame me! My attack upon you was due to Allaah’s Qadar(i.e something which Allaah had preordained )” , he would not accept his argument! How came then that he does not accept Al-Qadar as pretext to justify someone’s else attack on him while he takes it as an argument for his aggression against Alla’s right?

It is said that Ameer Al-Mu’mineen89 Umar bin Al-Khataab ordered to cut the hand of a thief on whom the( Sahreea’ah) ruling was rightly applicable. The thief said: “ Wait O! Leader of the believers! I committed the theft by The Qadar of Allaah ( i.e he is blaming it on Al-Qadar) ‘Umar replied :” And we assuredly cut ( the hand) by no more than The Qadar of Allaah”.

The Belief In Al-Qadar Has Great Benefits, Amongst Them:

First: Depending upon Allaah تعالى when using the means (by which a thing is brought about) so as not to depend upon the means itself , on the grounds that every thing is preordained by Allaah un exact measures.

Second: Saving the person from having a high opinion of himself upon the achievement of his objective , because its attainment is a favor from Allaah تعالى in view of what He had preordained from the means which lead to what is good and successful . His conceitedness makes him forget being grateful to Allaah for this favor of His.

Third: Securing a state of peace and tranquility regarding what befalls the person of what befalls the person of what had been preordained by Allaah تعالى. He worries not over failing to attain what is beloved nor over the occurrence of what is disliked, because – all of this is in accordance with Al-Qadar of Allaah – to whom belongs the heavens and the earth – and it inevitable to take place. Allaah says regarding this matter:

( ما أصاب من مصيبة فى الأرض و لا فى أنفسكم إلا فى كتاب من قبل أن نبرأها إن ذلك على الله يسير* لكيلا تأسوا على ما فاتكم و لا تفرحوا بما آتاكم و الله لا يحب كل مختال فحور) ( الحديد، 22-23)

No calamity befalls on the earth or in yourselves but it is inscribed in the Book of Decrees( Al-lahul Mahafoidh) , before We bring it into existence , verily that is easy for Allaah. In order that you may not be sad over matters that you fail to get , nor rejoice because of that which has been given to you. And Allaah likes not prideful boasters. ( Qura’an 57:22)

The prophet Mohammed Said:

قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم :" عجبا لأمر المؤمن إن أمره كله خير و ليس ذاك لاحد إلا للمؤمن إن أصابته سراء شكر فكان خيرا له وإن أصابته ضراء صبر فكان خيرا له" – رواه مسلم.

“ How amazing is the matter of the believer! There is good in every affair of his, and this is not the case with any one else except in the case of the believer: if any Sararaa90 befalls him , he gives thanks ( to Allaah) thus there is good for him on it. And if a Darraa91 befalls him , and shows resignation ( and endures it patiently) there is a good for him in it .”92

The Sects Went Astray Regarding Al-Qadar:-

One of them is Al-Jabriyyah [75] who assert that man is compelled to do whatever he does and that he has neither the power nor the will to act.

The other one is Al-Qadariyyah [76]who say that whatever man does it is entirely of his own ability and free will, and that Allaah’s Mashee’ah ( will) and Qudr’ah( Ability) has no influence on what man does.

The response to the first sect ( Al-Jabriyyah) according to Al-Shara’a and Reality:

As to the l-Shara’a , it is certain that Allah تعالى has affimed n bility nd free will to the ‘abd and hs ttributed the deeds to him as well. He تعالى said:

( منكم من يريد الدنيا و منكم من يريد الآخرة ) ( آل عمران، 152)

Among you are some who desires this world and some that desires the Hereafter. ( Qura’an 3:152)

(و قل الحق من ربكم فمن شاء فليؤمن و من فليكفر إنا أعتدنا للظالمين نارا أحاط بهم سرادقها) ( الكهف ، 29)

And Say :” The truth is from your Rabb ( Allaah).” Then whosoever wills , let him believe , and whosoever wills , let him disbelieve. Verily, We have prepared forr the Thalimeen ( polytheists and wrong-doers , etc.) a fire whose wlls will be surrounding them .( Qura’an 18:29)

He also said:

( من عمل صالحا فلنفسه و من أساء فعليها و ما ربك بظلام للعبيد ) ( فصلت ،46)

Whosoever does ighteous good deed it is for ( the benefit of) his own self , whosoever does evil , it is aginst himself , nd your Rabb is not t all unjust to (His) slaves. ( Qura’an 41:46)

As agreed to reality , it is known that each man is aware of the difference between his voluntary deeds like eating , drinking , selling and buying and that which befalls him against his own choice , like tremors associated with fever and like failing from a roof . In the first case he is acting by his own free will and without compulsion, while in the second situation neither he has a choice nor does he want what has befallen him.

The Response to the second Sect According to As-Shara’a , and Rational:

As to As-Shara’a , it is certain that Allaah is the Creator of everything and all things exist by His will. Allah تعالى said:

( لو شاء الله ما اقتتل الذين من بعدهم من بعد ما جاتهم البينات و لكن اختلفوا فمنهم من آمن و منهم من كفر و لو شاء الله ما اقتتلوا و لكن الله يفعل ما يريد) ( البقرة، 253)

If Allaah had Willed, succeeding generations would not have fought against each other, after clear Aayat had come , but they differed – some of them believed and others disbelieved. If Allaah had willed , they would have not against one other, but Allaah does what He likes. ( Qura’an2:253)

( و لو شئنا لآتينا كل نفس هداها و لكن حق القول منى لأملأن جهنم من الجنة و الناس أجمعين)( السجدة، 13)

And If We had willed , surely ! We would have given evey person his guidance , but the World from Me took effect ( about evil doers), that I will fill Hell with Jinn and mankind together.( Qura’an 32:13)

As to rational , it is evident that the entire universe belongs to Allaah , and because man is part of this universe, consequently he belongs to Allaah. It is not the right of the possessed to dispose freely the property of the Possessor except by the latter’s leave and will.
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The Ahdaaf (Objectives) of Islamic Aqeedah

Linguistically, Al-Hadaf ( Pl. Ahdaaf ) [75] has several meanings to it, amongst which is “ An object of aim at which one shoots or throws” or “ an object of want and of desire ; an end which one seeks or intends to attain”.

The Ahdaf of the Islamic ‘Aqeedah are the noble objectives abd purposes established as result of adhering to it. They are numerous and diverse. Amongst them are the following:

First: Establishing the Sincere Intention and Worship to Allaah تعالى Alone , because He is the Creator Who has no partner . Thus the intention and worship must be only to Him Alone.
Second: Liberating the mind and thought from the irrational and chaotic loss resulting from the heart having one of this Aqeedah because in such state the heart is either completely devoid of evey creed , worshipping what is materialistically perceptible only, or lost amidst misguidnce of the ( corrupt) beliefs and superstitions.

قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم: " المؤمن القوى خير و أحب إلى الله من المؤمن الضعيف و فى كل خير إحرص على ما ينفعك و استعن بالله و لا تعجز و إن أصابك شىء فلا تقل لو إنى فعلت كذا لكان كذا و لكن قل قدر الله و ماشاء فعل ، فإن لو تفتح عمل الشيطان"- رواه مسلم

“ A strong believer is better nd is moe lovable to Aallah than a wwk believer , and there is good in every one , ( but) cherish that which gives you benefits ( in the Hereafter) and seek help from Allaah and do not lose heart and if anything befalls you ( calamity , misfortune, trouble) do not say:” If I had not done tht , it would not have happened so nd so , but say:” Allaah did that what he had ordained to do because ‘if’ is an opening for Satan’s actions [76]

Sixth: Establishing a strong Ummah that will pay any price in order to consolidate its Deen and reinforce its foundation, paying no attention for what my befall upon it in the course of achieving this goal. In this regard Allaah تعالى says:

( إنما المؤمنون الذين آمنوا بالله و رسوله ثم لم يرتابوا و جاهدوا بأموالهم و أنفسهم فى سبيل الله أولئك هم الصادقون) ( الحجرات ،15)

Only those are the believers who have believed in Allaah and His Messengers, afterward doubt not must strive with their lives for the Cause of Allaah. Those!they are the truthful .( Qura’an 49:15)

Seventh: Achieving Happiness in this life and in the Hereafter by reforming the individuals and the groups and seeking the reward and means of attaining honor. Allah says about this:

( من عمل صالحا من ذكر أو أنثى و هو مؤمن فلنحيينه حياة طيبة و لنجزينهم أجرهم بأحسن ما كانوا يعملون) ( النحل،97)

Whoever works righteousness , whether male of female , while he ( or she) is a true believer ( in Tawheed) verily , to him We will give good life ( in this world), and We shall pay them certainly a reward in proportion to the best of what they used to do .( i.e Al-Jannah ) . ( Qura’an16:97)

The above are some of the objective of the Islaamic Aqeedah . I ask Allaah تعالى to make it achievable for me and for all the Muslims. The End of the Book

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IZHAR UL-HAQ

إجازة الأستاذ أحمد لبن مدير المنتدى بقراءة الإمام عاصم الكوفي

Explaining the fundamentals of faith