17. The Prophet’s Guidance in Eating and Drinking141
a. His Guidance in Eating
* He (Peace be upon him) never refused what was available nor did he strive to obtain what was not. He (Peace be upon him) ate all good things, and if he disliked it, he would leave it without forbidding it or forcing himself to eat it. He never criticized any food; if he liked it, he ate it, otherwise he would leave it, as he did when offered lizard, because he was not used to eating it.

* He (Peace be upon him) used to eat whatever was available, and if there was nothing he was patient, to the extent that he would tie a stone against his stomach from hunger. Sometimes three consecutive months would pass when no fire was lit in his home for cooking.
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141 Zadul-Ma`ad (1/142, 2/362)
121
* It was not of his guidance to restrict oneself to one type of food.

* He (Peace be upon him) would eat sweets and honey and liked them. He ate the meat of the camel, sheep, chicken, birds, zebra and rabbit. He (Peace be upon him) also ate seafood, roasted meat and fresh or dry dates. He also ate thareed, which is bread soaked with meat and broth, and ate bread with oil and cucumber with fresh dates. He (Peace be upon him) ate cooked pumpkin and liked it, and also ate dried meat and dates with butter.

* He (Peace be upon him) liked meat, especially the forearm and front part of the sheep.

* He (Peace be upon him) used to eat the local fruits in their season, and did not avoid them.

* Most of his food was placed on a mat on the ground.

* He (Peace be upon him) ordered people to eat with the right hand and forbade them from eating with the left hand, saying: “Indeed, Satan eats and drinks with his left hand."
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* He (Peace be upon him) used to eat with three fingers and lick them when he finished.

* He (Peace be upon him) didn’t eat while resting on his side, while sitting cross-legged or while resting on one hand and eating with the other; these three positions are disliked. He (Peace be upon him) used to eat sitting back on his buttocks with his legs straight.

He (Peace be upon him) said: “I sit as a slave sits and eat as a slave eats.”

* When extending his hand to the food he (Peace be upon him) would say “Bismillah.” (In the name of Allah.)

He (Peace be upon him) told people to do the same, saying: “When one of you eats, he should pronounce the name of Allah. If he forgets to mention the name of Allah at the start, he should say: “Bismillah awwalahu wa akhirahu." (In the name of Allah at its beginning and its end.)142
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142 At-Tirmidhi.
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* He (Peace be upon him) said: “Indeed, Satan deems food over which the name of Allah is not mentioned as permissible [to him].”143

* He (Peace be upon him) used to talk during the meal, and would repeatedly offer his guests more food, as generous people always do.

* When the food was removed he (Peace be upon him) would say: “Al-hamdulillahi hamdan katheeran tayyiban mubaarakan feehi ghayra makfiyyin wa la muwadda`in wa la mustaghnan `anhu rabbuna." (Praise be to Allah, abundant, pure, and blessed praise, insufficient and unending and not without need of our Lord.)144

* When he (Peace be upon him) was invited to food with some people he would not leave until he supplicated for them, saying: “Aftara `indakumussa'imoon wa akala ta`amakumul-abraar, wa sallat `alaykumul-mala'ikah." (May those who fast break their fast with you, and may the pious eat your food, and may the angels invoke blessings upon you.)145
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143 Muslim.
144 Al-Bukhari.
145 Abu Dawud.
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* He (Peace be upon him) used to supplicate for those who invited the poor, and praise them.

* He (Peace be upon him) never disdained eating with any person, young or old, freeman or slave, bedouin or emigrant.

* When he (Peace be upon him) was invited to eat while fasting, he would say: “I am fasting.”146 He (Peace be upon him) told those who were offered food to pray for the host if fasting and to eat from it if not fasting.

* When he (Peace be upon him) was invited to a meal and someone followed him, he would inform the host, saying: “This man followed us, so if you wish, permit him, otherwise he will go back.”147
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146 Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
147 Al-Bukhari.
125
* He (Peace be upon him) told those who complained to him that the food was not enough to satisfy their hunger to gather for the meal and not separate, and to pronounce the name of Allah over it so He would bless it for them.

* He (Peace be upon him) said: “A human being does not fill a container worse than his stomach; a few bites are sufficient to support his back. But if he must [eat], then only a third of his stomach for his food, a third for his drink and a third to allow breathing.”148

* He (Peace be upon him) entered his home one night looking for food and did not find any, so he said: “Allaahumma at`im man at`amani waski man sakaani." (O Allah, feed whoever feeds me and give drink to whoever gives me.)149

b. His Guidance in Drink150
* His guidance in drink was the most perfect for protecting health. His favourite was a sweet and cold drink. He (Peace be upon him) used to drink milk, both undiluted and mixed with water.
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148 At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.
149 Muslim.
150 Zadul-Ma`ad (2/366), (4/209).
126
And he would say: “Allaahumma barik lana feehi wa zidna minhu, fa innahu laysa shayun yujzee `anat-ta`aami wash-sharaabi illal-laban." (O Allah, bless it and increase it for us, for nothing suffices as food and drink except milk.)151

* It was not of his guidance to drink during his meal. They used to prepare for him nabidh152 in the early night and he (Peace be upon him) would drink from it the following morning, the following night and one more day and night until the afternoon. If some of it remained, he (Peace be upon him) would give it to the servant or pour it out. He (Peace be upon him) would not drink from it after three days, fearing it would become intoxicant.

* It was from his guidance to usually drink while sitting down, and he (Peace be upon him) would admonish those who drank while standing. But once, he drank standing, which was said to be for a reason or that the prohibition had been abrogated, or else to show that both ways are permissible.
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151 At-Tirmidhi.
152 A drink sweetened with dates.
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* He used to pause three times to breath while drinking and said: “It is better for quenching the thirst, is more satisfying and is healthier.”153 It meant that he moved the vessel away from his mouth and breathe outside of it. He (Peace be upon him) said: “When one of you drinks, he should not breathe in the vessel but move it away from his mouth.”154

He (Peace be upon him) also prohibited drinking from the crack of a vessel or from its spout.

* He (Peace be upon him) used to pronounce the name of Allah when he started to drink and praise Allah when he finished.
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153 Muslim.
154 At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.
128
He (Peace be upon him) said: “Allah is pleased with the servant who eats something and praises Him or drinks something and praises Him.”155

* He (Peace be upon him) used to be provided with fresh water (palatable without saltiness), and he would prefer water that had been standing.

* When drinking, he (Peace be upon him) would pass it on to the right, even if there was someone on the left older than him.

* He (Peace be upon him) ordered the container to be covered and closed firmly, even with a stick, and to pronounce the name of Allah at that time.
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155 Muslim.
129