12. The Prophet’s Guidance in Hajj and Umrah
a. His Guidance in Umrah92
* He (Peace be upon him) undertook Umrah93 four times. They were:
1) The Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah – The polytheists prevented him from reaching Makkah, therefore he slaughtered and shaved at the place where they stopped him, ending the state of ihraam.
2) The Umrah of compensation [for the first one], in the following year.
3) The Umrah joined with Hajj94
4) The Umrah from al-Ju`ranah.
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92 Zadul-Ma`ad (2/86).
93 The lesser pilgrimage, which may be done at any time of the year.
94 The greater pilgrimage, performed at a specific time each year.
88
* It happened that during his lifetime he (Peace be upon him) never began an Umrah from inside Makkah; he performed all of them when entering Makkah.

* It was never reported that he performed Umrah more than once in the same year.

* All of his Umrahs were performed during the Hajj months.95

* But he (Peace be upon him) said, "An Umrah in the month of Ramadhan is equal [in reward] to a Hajj."96

b. His Guidance in Hajj97
* When Hajj became obligatory the Prophet (Peace be upon him) hastened to perform it without delay. He (Peace be upon him) did not perform Hajj except once, and it was the qiraan form of Hajj.98

* He (Peace be upon him) entered ihraam after the thuhr prayer and recited the talbiyah, which is: "Labbayk-Allaahumma labbayk. Labbayka la shareeka laka labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-ni`mata laka wa- mulk. La shareeka lak."
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95 Which are: Shawwal, Dhul-Qa`dah and Dhul-Hijjah.
96 Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
97 Zadul-Ma`ad (2/96)
98 When Umrah and Hajj are performed with a single ihraam.
89
(I respond [in obedience] to You, O Allah, I respond. I respond - no partner is there to You, I respond. All praise and favour is Yours, and sovereignty. There is no partner to You.)99

He raised his voice with the talbiyah until it was heard by his companions. He told them, Allah had ordered raising their voices with talbiyah. He (Peace be upon him) kept to this talbiyah while people added to it or omitted parts of it but he did not criticize them for that.

* At the time of assuming ihraam he (Peace be upon him) let his companions choose any of three types of Hajj.100 When they approached Makkah he (Peace be upon him) urged those who had no sacrificial animal with them to end their state of ihram after Umrah.101
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99 Muslim.
100 Either qiraan or ifraad (Hajj alone) or tamattu` (Umrah followed by Hajj with a second ihraam).
101 i.e., to perform Hajj as tamattu`.
90
* He (Peace be upon him) performed Hajj riding a camel and his food and luggage were also on the camel. The following is a description of the Prophet's Hajj and the method he followed: After arriving in Makkah, he firmly ordered those who had no sacrificial animal with them to perform Umrah only and then end their state of ihraam, but for those who had the animal with them to remain in the state of ihraam.

He (Peace be upon him) continued to the valley of Dhu Tuwa, where he spent the eve of Sunday, the 4th of Dhul-Hijjah. He performed the fajr prayer there, had a bath and entered Makkah by day from its upper vicinity, called ath-Thaniyyah al-`Ulya, which overlooks Hujun. Upon entering the Sacred Mosque, he (Peace be upon him) headed for the Ka`bah102 without performing the usual prayer for salutation of the mosque.
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102 The first house of worship built by Prophet Abraham and his son, Ishmael and dedicated to Allah. The city of Makkah grew up around it.
91
When opposite the Black Stone he kissed it without crowding anyone. He began tawaaf (circling the Ka`bah) with the Ka`bah to his left and without supplicating at its door or under the waterspout, nor at the back of the Ka`bah or at its corners. It has been reported that while walking between the Ka`bah's two corners, that of the Black Stone and the Yemeni corner, he would recite: “Rabbana aatina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil-aakhirati hasantan wa qina `adhaaban-naar. (Our Lord, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter and save us from the torment of the Fire). He (Peace be upon him) did not specify any words or supplications during tawaaf other than this.

He (Peace be upon him) jogged with small steps through the first three rounds of his tawaaf. He wrapped his garment in such a way that its two ends met over one of his shoulders while his other shoulder was left uncovered.
92
Whenever he (Peace be upon him) came opposite to the Black Stone he kissed it or touched it with his staff and then kissed the staff, saying “Allahu akbar."

He (Peace be upon him) would touch the Yemeni corner but neither kissed it nor kissed his hand after touching it.

After finishing tawaaf, he (Peace be upon him) stood behind the station of Abraham (peace be upon him) and recited "Wattakhidhu min maqaami ibraheema musalla." (And take the station of Abraham (peace be upon him) as a place of prayer).103 He (Peace be upon him) performed two rak`ahs with the station of Abraham (peace be upon him) between him and the Ka`bah. In these he recited after Al-Fatihah: Surah "Al-Kafirun" and Surah "Al-Ikhlaas". After praying he went back to the Black Stone and kissed it.
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103 From the Qur'an - 2:125. Narrated by Muslim.
93
Then he (Peace be upon him) headed toward the hill of Safa, and when he approached it, he recited: "Innas-safa wal-marwata min sha`aa'irillah"104 (Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the rites of Allah), and added, “I begin with what Allah began with.” He (Peace be upon him) ascended Safa until he could see the Ka`bah.

Then he faced it, saying: “La ilaaha ill-Allahu wallaahu akbar, la ilaaha ill-Allahu wahdahu la shareeka lahu, lahul mulku wa lahul-hamdu, yuhyee wa yumeetu wa huwa `ala kulli shay'in qadeer, la ilaaha ill-Allahu wahdahu, anjaza wa`dahu wa nasara `abdahu wa hazamalahzaaba wahdah." (There is no god but Allah alone with no partner. His is the dominion and His is [all] praise and He is over all things competent.

There is no god but Allah alone; He fulfilled His promise and supported His servant and defeated the [enemy] allies alone.)105 He (Peace be upon him) repeated this three times, supplicating in between.
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104 See glossary
105 Abu Dawud, ay-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.
94
Then he (Peace be upon him) began sa`i,106 descending from Safa and walking toward the hill of Marwah.

When he (Peace be upon him) reached the valley (now shown by two green markers) he jogged, and when he had cleared the valley he walked. He (Peace be upon him) began the sa`i walking but concluded it riding due to the crowds of people around him.

When he (Peace be upon him) reached Marwah he climbed it until he could see the Ka`bah. There he made supplications as he had done at Safa. After completing the sa`i at Marwah, he ordered all those who had no sacrificial animal with them to completely end the state of ihraam,107 even if they had intended the qiraan or ifraad type of Hajj.

He (Peace be upon him) did not end his state of ihraam because he had brought his sacrifice with him, but he said: "If I had known before what I know now, I would not have brought the animal and would have made it an Umrah."108
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106 Making seven trips between the hills of Safa and Marwah, one of the required rights of Hajj and `Umrah.
107 By shaving their heads or cutting their hair.
108 Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
95
He (Peace be upon him) supplicated thrice for those who shaved their heads and once for those who shortened their hair.

Throughout his stay in Makkah and up to the day of tarwiyah109 he (Peace be upon him) would lead the prayers at the place of his residence, shortening them.

Before noon on that day he (Peace be upon him) and his companions set out for Mina, and whoever had ended his state of ihraam entered it again while on his mount.

Upon reaching Mina he (Peace be upon him) dismounted, performed the thuhr, 'asr, maghrib and `isha prayers and spent the night there. After sunrise, he proceeded to the plain of `Arafah. Some of his companions were reciting "Allahu akbar" and others were repeating the talbiyah and he (Peace be upon him) did not correct anyone.
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109 The 8th of Dhul-Hijjah.
96
He (Peace be upon him) found the tent pitched for him at Namirah as he had ordered. (Namirah is not part of `Arafah; it was a village to the east of `Arafah.) He (Peace be upon him) stayed until shortly after mid-day when he ordered his shecamel, named al-Qaswa, to be saddled. Then he rode until he came to the valley within `Arafah.

There he (Peace be upon him) delivered one great sermon while on his camel. Therein, he affirmed the fundamentals of Islam and abolished the foundations of polytheism and the pre-Islamic days of ignorance. He (Peace be upon him) confirmed all prohibitions universally agreed upon by all religions and abolished all unlawful pre-Islamic practices, including interest. He (Peace be upon him) ordered the people to treat women well and to abide by the Book of Allah. He asked if he had communicated the message, and upon hearing their unanimous affirmation made Allah witness to it.

When he (Peace be upon him) finished the sermon, he ordered Bilal (May Allah be pleased with him) to call the adhaan; then he pronounced the iqaamah. It was a Friday; He (Peace be upon him) led the thuhr prayer as two rak`ahs with silent recitation, although it was Friday.
97
Bilal (May Allah be pleased with him) made a second iqaamah and he led the `asr prayer as two rak`ahs also. The inhabitants of Makkah were with him, and he (Peace be upon him) did not tell them to complete the prayer and did not forbid them from joining the two prayers.

After completing his prayer, he (Peace be upon him) rode until he reached the place of standing. When some people wondered whether or not he (Peace be upon him) was fasting, his wife, Maymunah sent him some milk, which he (Peace be upon him) drank in front of the people.

He (Peace be upon him) stayed on his mount at the foot of the mountain on the rocks and faced the Qiblah with the rope in his hand. He (Peace be upon him) began supplicating and fervently beseeching Allah and continued thus until sunset.
98
He (Peace be upon him) told the people to stay above the valley of `Uranah and said, “I am standing here but all of `Arafah is a standing place.”110

While supplicating he (Peace be upon him) raised his hands to his chest like a poor man begging for food. He (Peace be upon him) said: “The best supplication is the supplication on the day of `Arafah, and the best thing that I and the prophets before me have said is: "La ilaaha ill-Allahu wahdahu la shareeka lah. Lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamdu wa huwa `ala kulli shay'in qadeer. (There is no god but Allah alone having no partner. His is the dominion and His is all praise and He is over all things competent.)

When the sun had set completely he (Peace be upon him) departed from `Arafah serenely with Usamah bin Zayd (May Allah be pleased with him) riding behind him. He (Peace be upon him) pulled the reins of his camel back toward him [to slow her pace] until her head touched the edge of the saddle. He (Peace be upon him) said, “O people, be calm. Hastening is not a sign of righteousness.”111
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110 Muslim.
111 Al-Bukhari.
99
He (Peace be upon him) departed by “al-Ma'zimayn” route but had entered `Arafah from “Dhabb”. He (Peace be upon him) proceeded at a moderate pace but speeded up whenever there was an open space.

He (Peace be upon him) continued reciting the talbiyah along the way. At one point he (Peace be upon him) dismounted, answered a call of nature, washed and then resumed his journey. He (Peace be upon him) did not pray until he reached Muzdalifah, where he performed wudhu' for prayer and ordered the call of adhaan and iqaamah.

He (Peace be upon him) performed the maghrib prayer before making camp and having the camels kneel. After settling the camels he ordered a second iqaamah but without an adhaan. He (Peace be upon him) performed the `ishaa' prayer without any prayer between maghrib and `ishaa'. He (Peace be upon him) then slept until dawn and did not spend the night in worship.

That same night after the moon had set he (Peace be upon him) gave permission to the weak amongst his family to go on to Mina before dawn, but told them not to perform rami (stoning of the pillar) before sunrise. As soon as dawn appeared, he (Peace be upon him) performed the fajr prayer after the adhaan and iqaamah.
100
Then he (Peace be upon him) rode until he reached al-Mash`ar al-Haraam and told the people that all of Muzdalifah is a standing place. He (Peace be upon him) faced the Qiblah and commenced supplication and praise of Allah. He (Peace be upon him) departed from Muzdalifah before sunrise with al-Fadl bin Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) riding behind him.

On the way he (Peace be upon him) told al-Fadl bin Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) to collect seven pebbles for him. Shaking them in his hand, he (Peace be upon him) said, “Use similar pebbles for stoning, and avoid extremism in religion.”112

Upon reaching Muhassir valley, he made haste, taking the middle road that leads to the large jamrah.113 He (Peace be upon him) continued reciting the talbiyah until he reached Mina and began the stoning.
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112 An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.
113 The pillar that is to be stoned.
101
He (Peace be upon him) stoned the large jamrah after sunrise while riding his camel. He (Peace be upon him) threw the pebbles from the lower part of the valley with the Ka`bah to his left and Mina to his right. He (Peace be upon him) threw them one at a time, saying, "Allahu akbar" with each pebble.

Then he (Peace be upon him) returned to Mina and delivered an eloquent sermon in which he informed the people about the sanctity and excellence of the Day of Sacrifice as well as the sanctity of Makkah. He (Peace be upon him) also ordered them to obey those leaders who abide by the Book of Allah and taught them the rites of Hajj.

He (Peace be upon him) then went to the place of slaughter in Mina and sacrificed sixty-three camels with his own hand while they were standing with the left leg tied up. Then he (Peace be upon him) stopped and asked `Ali (May Allah be pleased with him) to complete the slaughter of one hundred camels.
102
He (Peace be upon him) ordered Ali (May Allah be pleased with him) to give them in charity to the poor. He (Peace be upon him) said that a butcher should not be given his wages out of the sacrificial meat.114

He (Peace be upon him) told them that all of Mina is a place of slaughter, as well as the roads and valleys leading to Makkah. After he (Peace be upon him) finished the sacrifice he called the barber and had his head shaved, starting with the right side and then the left. He (Peace be upon him) gave the hair to Abu Talhah and said, “Distribute it among the people.”115

He (Peace be upon him) asked forgiveness three times for those who shaved their heads and once for those who shortened their hair. Aisha (May Allah be pleased with him) applied scent to him before he removed his ihraam garments. He (Peace be upon him) departed for Makkah on his camel before noon. He (Peace be upon him) performed tawaaf alifaadhah116 and did no other tawaaf or sa`i after it.117 He did not jog in this tawaaf or in the farewell tawaaf, but only during the initial one.
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114 Rather, he should be paid a fee.
115 Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
116Tawaaf al-ifaadhah is performed after returning from `Arafah. It is among the essentials of Hajj without which it is incomplete.
117Because he was performing qiraan Hajj. Those performing tamattu` must do sa`i again after tawaaf al-Ifaadhah.
103
Following tawaaf he went to Zamzam where he (Peace be upon him) found people drinking from the well. They handed him the bucket and he (Peace be upon him) drank while standing. Then he returned to Mina where he (Peace be upon him) spent the night. There was disagreement about where he (Peace be upon him) performed thuhr prayer that day.

 Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that he (Peace be upon him) performed thuhr in Mina while Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) and Aisha said that he (Peace be upon him) prayed it in Makkah.

The next morning he (Peace be upon him) waited until the sun had passed its meridian and walked to the pillars, where he began with the first (smallest) jamrah right behind the Khayf mosque. He (Peace be upon him) threw seven pebbles, saying, "Allahu akbar" with each pebble.

Then he (Peace be upon him) moved forward toward the jamrah and faced the Qiblah, raising his hands and making a long supplication, as long as [the recitation of] Surah al-Baqarah.
104
Then he (Peace be upon him) went to the middle jamrah and stoned it in the same way. Then he (Peace be upon him) moved left toward the valley and faced the Qiblah, raising his hands in supplication almost as long as before.

Then he (Peace be upon him) went to the third and largest jamrah (al-`Aqabah), standing with the Ka`bah to his left and Mina to his right, and stoned it with seven pebbles also. Upon completing the stoning he returned without standing for supplication.

In all probability he (Peace be upon him) did the stoning before performing the thuhr prayer and then return to erform the prayer. He gave permission to al-`Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) to spend the nights of Mina in Makkah in order to provide people with water.

He (Peace be upon him) did not hasten his departure after two days but delayed it until he completed the stoning of all the three days. Then he (Peace be upon him) departed in the afternoon stopping at Muhassab.
105
He (Peace be upon him) performed thuhr, `asr, maghrib and `ishaa' prayers and rested awhile. Then he (Peace be upon him) went on to Makkah where he performed the farewell tawaaf at night before dawn without jogging.

He (Peace be upon him) excused his wife, Safiyyah from the farewell tawaaf because she had menstruated.

And he (Peace be upon him) allowed Aisha that night to perform Umrah from Tan`eem118 accompanied by her brother, Abdur-Rahman, (May Allah be pleased with him) and when she had finished, he (Peace be upon him) announced the departure to his companions and the people departed.
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118 The nearest place outside the sacred precincts of Makkah.
106