أحمد محمد لبن Ahmad.M.Lbn
مؤسس ومدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 52644
العمر : 72
 | | موضوع: Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty الإثنين 12 فبراير 2018, 9:14 am | |
| Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty
Book 17
“Verily, those who give Bai‘ah (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bai‘ah (pledge) to Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm; and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah, He will bestow on him a great reward.” (TMQ, Al-Fateh: 10)
(Scene: 1)
The tribe of Quraysh strived to nip Islam in the bud. There were battles between the Muslims and the disbelievers in Badr, Uhud and Al-Ahzab. However, Islam stood firm and prevailed through proof and certainty. Persecution strengthened the Muslims' belief and made more people eager to embrace this new religion. The Muslims were increasing in number. In the battle of Badr, the number of the Muslim fighters was 300.
That number increased in the battle of Uhud, which took place only one year after the battle of Badr, to 700. In the battle of Al-Khandaq (the trench), the Muslims’ army consisted of 2000 Mujahideen (fighters).
The people embraced Islam in numbers. The new converts were contented because they embraced the true religion, which never prevailed by the force of the sword, but prevailed despite the swords that were unsheathed, to get rid of it.
(Scene: 2)
Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) wanted to leave for Makkah to perform Hajj. The people (non-Muslims) used to come to the Ka’ba from everywhere and walk around it during the season of pilgrimage. The Muslims got ready to leave for Makkah; they put on the white clothes of Ihram (the sacred dress of Muslim pilgrims, consisting of two lengths of white cotton, one wrapped around the lower part of the body, the other thrown over the left shoulder) and rode their camels. They were 1400 unarmed Muslims, intending to tell Quraysh that they meant no war. They only wanted to perform pilgrimage and visit the Ka’ba.
On their way, a man came to Allah's Messenger and said, “O Allah's Messenger! Quraysh heard of your leave and have prepared to fight you, swearing that you and your followers will never set foot in Makkah.” Allah's Messenger wanted no war; he only desired to visit the Ka’ba. So he said to the man, “What’s wrong with these people! Why do they long for war? Why don’t they let me deal with the rest of the Arab tribes? If the Arabs achieve victory, Quraysh's hopes of getting rid of Islam will come true, and if I win over them, its people shall all embrace Islam. What are they thinking? I swear by Allah that I will struggle for the religion Allah sent me to convey until Allah prevails it or until I die at my post.”
Then, the Muslims went on their way, but took a route other than that of Quraysh. When Makkah appeared on the horizon, the Messenger's camel knelt down. Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) said, “Allah withheld it from entering Makkah. If the people of Quraysh call me today to come to an agreement that would keep the ties of kinship, I will accept it.”
The Prophet loved Makkah, his hometown, and he never wanted any war to take place in it or any blood to be shed on its land. It is the country that was and will always be safe and secure. So he ordered his companions to dismount their camels. They did so and settled in a place near Makkah. Religions Stories As-Seerah Series 59 by: Adbel-Hameed Guda As-Sahaar
(Scene: 3)
A man from Quraysh went to Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) and said, “Why did you come?” Allah's Messenger said that he did not come to have war with them, but to perform the rituals of pilgrimage. The man then returned to Quraysh and said, “Muhammad did not come for fighting, but for visiting the Holy Ka’ba.” Those envying the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, “By our gods, he will never enter Makkah against our will, even if he has no intention for fighting.” Quraysh sent some of its men, one after another, to the Prophet, inquiring about the intention behind his coming to Makkah. The Prophet assured them that he had no intention of waging war against them, but he desired to perform pilgrimage.
Yet, Quraysh remained unsatisfied. Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) then decided to send one of his men to Makkah to meet the heads of Quraysh and tell them the reason of his coming. He chose Omar Ibnul-Khattab. Yet, Omar said, “O, Messenger of Allah, I fear that Quraysh may not refrain from harming me, especially now that we have many enemies. I can recommend a man who is dearer to them than I am.
That man was Othman Ibn-Affan. Allah's Messenger called Othman and sent him to Quraysh. Othman headed towards Makkah to inform Abu-Sufyan and the heads of Quraysh that Allah's Messenger had not come for war, but to visit the Holy Ka’ba and perform pilgrimage. When Othman did not return immediately, Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) got worried, especially when a rumor spread among the Muslims that he had been killed. Upon hearing this, Allah's Messenger became angry and summoned the Muslims under a tree. He asked them to pledge allegiance to him to revenge the death of Othman. He did not come to war with Quraysh, but its men killed his messenger in return. Hence, they should not stand still after such a hostile act. This incident was known as the “The Pledge of Ar-Radwan”.
Just before the Muslims were about to move and avenge the death of Othman, Othman himself appeared with a man from Quraysh. That man came to negotiate peace with the Prophet (Peace be upon him). When Allah's Messenger saw him, he said, “Sending this man means that Quraysh wants peace.” There were negotiations between Allah's Messenger and Suhayl Ibn Amr, Quraysh's messenger. Finally, they agreed on a treaty that would last for 10 years. Among the terms of this treaty was that the Prophet and his companions would not enter Makkah to perform pilgrimage that year. On the following year, they would be allowed to enter it and perform pilgrimage and would be able to stay there for 3 days.
Omar Ibnul-Khattab had reservations concerning such terms. He came to Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) to express his strong disapproval of the treaty saying, “You are Allah's Messenger, aren't you?” The Messenger agreed.
Omar exclaimed, “Aren't we Muslims?” “Yes,” the Messenger answered. Omar further asked, “Aren't they disbelievers?” “Yes,” was the Prophet's answer. Omar asked, “Then, why do we have to accept such humiliation?” The Prophet answered, “I am Allah's servant and messenger. I would never disobey His order, and He would bring us our due rights.”
At that time, Omar along with many Muslims did not understand the wisdom behind accepting such an unfair peace treaty. Hence, they all felt deep anger and sadness.
(Scene: 4)
Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) asked Ali to write down the terms of the treaty, saying to him, “Write: In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.” But Suhayl said, “I have nothing to do with this beginning. Write: In the name of the God.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said to Ali, “Write: In the Name of Allah.”
Then he resumed, “Write: This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, and Suhayl Ibn Amr agreed upon.” However, Suhayl again objected to this, saying, “If I testify that you are Allah's Messenger, I will not war with you. Thus, write your name and your father's instead.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, in turn, to Ali, “Write: This is what Muhammad Ibn Abdullah and Suhayl Ibn Amr agreed upon. They agreed upon a treaty that would last for 10 years so that the people can live in peace.”
The treaty was then concluded and the Muslims were awfully sad. They thought that they would enter Makkah, but the Prophet agreed with Quraysh to go home and return next year to enter it and perform pilgrimage. Moreover, the treaty included that in case any one from Quraysh went to Allah’s Messenger to embrace Islam without the permission of his master, the Prophet would have to bring him back. On the other hand, if one of the Prophet’s followers went to Quraysh, he would not be brought back to him.
(Scene: 5)
The treaty was a great victory for Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him), even if most of the Muslims were unable to understand that then. It promised him an entry to Makkah on the next year without shedding more blood. Furthermore, it promoted the sovereignty of Islam in the Arab Peninsula to the extent that the people who came to Madinah to embrace Islam after the conclusion of the treaty were more than those who came to declare themselves as Muslims during the previous six years.
The Muslims returned to Madinah. On their way, a Surah of the Holy Qur'an entitled “Al-Fath” (The Conquest) was revealed by Allah to His Messenger. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) recited before his followers what can be translated as, “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful” “Verily, We have given you (O Muhammad) a manifest victory. That Allah may forgive you your sins of the past and the future and complete His Favor on you, and guide you on the Straight Path. And that Allah may help you with strong help.” (TMQ Al-Fateh: 1 - 3).
Allah also says what can be translated as: “Verily, those who give Bai‘ah (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bai‘ah (pledge) to Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm; and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah, He will bestow on him a great reward.” (TMQ Al-Fateh: 10)
Once Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) finished his recitation, Allah sent down calmness and tranquility into the hearts of the believers. Allah backed His Messenger and promised the Muslims the conquest of Makkah.
(Scene: 6)
In Makkah, Khaled Ibnul-Waleed was thinking hard about the new religion brought by the Prophet (Peace be upon him). He found it a precious religion ordering the people to follow good morals. Why was he stubborn? Why did he not embrace it? While thinking hard about that, he came across Amr Ibnul-Aas who asked, “Where were you going?”
Khaled replied, “To Muhammad; this man is indeed a Prophet. Is it not high time to embrace this religion?” Amr Ibnul-Aas said, “By Allah, I came here only to embrace Islam.” They both went to Madinah to meet Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) and declare themselves as Muslims. When Quraysh was informed that Khaled, its knight, and Amr had converted to Islam, it was certain that they would give more power to that religion. Thus, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) gained power through peace more than that gained through any hard-won battle.
Allah says what can be translated as, “Did He not find you (O Muhammad) an orphan and gave you a refuge? And He found you unaware (of the Qur’an, its laws, and Prophethood) and guided you? And He found you poor and made you rich (self-sufficient with self-contentment)? Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression. And repulse not the beggar. And proclaim the Grace of your Lord (i.e. the Prophethood and all other Graces).” (TMQ, Ad-Duha: 6 - 11). |
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